Histology

Question 1

neuron histology

Answer 1

nucleus with nucleolus
apical dendrite
lipofuscin: oxidized garbage

Question 2

astrocyte histology

Answer 2

stippled chromatin
little cytoplasm
round nucleus

Question 3

oligodendrocyte histology

Answer 3

little cytoplasm
dense chromatin
round nucleus

Question 4

microglia histology

Answer 4

rod-like nuclei

Question 5

Parkinson’s histology

Answer 5

pale substantia nigra
Lewy bodies: dense pink circle with pale pink halo

Question 6

Alzheimer’s pathology

Answer 6

frontal lobe and hippocampal atrophy
intracellular tau tangles
extracellular amyloid beta plaques

Question 7

Huntington’s pathology

Answer 7

atrophy in the caudate nucleus
accumulation of HTT in the basal ganglia

Question 8

Lou Gehrig’s (ALS) pathology

Answer 8

death of motor neurons: ventral roots of spinal cord
highly atrophic
accumulations of protein TDP-43

Question 9

Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia (FTLD) pathology

Answer 9

accumulation of TDP-43 in temporal and frontal lobes

Question 10

Multiple Sclerosis pathology

Answer 10

neuroimaging can look like a tumor
macrophages full of myelin
dark spots where myelin should be
axons are relatively preserved

Question 11

traumatic brain injury pathology

Answer 11

subdural hemorrhage
shearing of axons and vessels in the corpus callosum
buildup of tau in the sulci if CTE
in children: optical bleeding

Question 12

stroke pathology

Answer 12

atrophy of affected brain area
in utero: commonly located at middle cerebral artery, developing brain will grow into atrophied area