Exam 7: peripheral nervous system

Question 1

Anesthesia

Answer 1

no sensation (at a certain body are)

Question 2

Paresthesia

Answer 2

abnormal sensations (tingling, pins and needles, unusual nerve pain, feeling hot or cold)

Question 3

neuropathy

Answer 3

pathology of the nerve fibers or transmission of information; often results in anesthesia, paresthesia, chronic pain

Question 4

where is the median nerve located

Answer 4

down the middle of the forearm on the ventral side; covers the thumb, pointer, middle, and half of ring finger, palm, and fingertips of designated fingers on the dorsal side

Question 5

what is the median nerve involved in

Answer 5

flexion and allows us to grip

Question 6

high median nerve injury

Answer 6

proximal forearm or above; loss of wrist flexion strength; ulnar deviation of the wrist; loss of thumb opposition; loss of finger flexion of thumb, index, middle, and PIPS and DIPS
cannot completely flex hand

Question 7

low median nerve injury

Answer 7

the fingers are still able to flex, but thumb opposition is often lost
wrist or below

Question 8

median nerve injury

Answer 8

hand experiences muscular dystrophy, may develop some deformity

Question 9

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 9

median nerve is compressed at the wrist, resulting in numbness or pain

Question 10

what is the radial nerve involved in

Answer 10

extensor, dorsal, release grip, wrist grip, follows the radius to the dorsal (everything but the fingertips) thumb, index, middle, half of ring finger

Question 11

client can’t grip, this is caused by an injury in the ….

Answer 11

median nerve

Question 12

client can’t release grip, this is caused by an injury in the ….

Answer 12

radial nerve

Question 13

radial nerve injury

Answer 13

results in loss of extension of the wrist, fingers, and thumb
clients can’t release grasped objects and thus this injury leads to significant disability
WRIST DROP (can’t keep wrist extended so the wrists drop)

Question 14

radial tunnel syndrome

Answer 14

overuse of the arm to push or pull, overuse of the hand gripping, pinching, or bending the wrist can irritate the nerve

Question 15

wrist drop

Answer 15

weakness of the wrist and finger extensors

Question 16

wrist drop treatment

Answer 16

wrist drop splint

Question 17

what is the ulnar nerve involved in

Answer 17

controls most of the little muscles in the hand and help with fine movement
controls some of the larger forearm muscles that form grip
your funny bone
dorsal and ventral side of palm on the ulnar side, half of ring finger and full pinky

Question 18

symptoms of ulnar nerve damage

Answer 18

numbing and tingling of the ring and pinky
weakening of grip and difficulty with fine motor coordination
atrophy
claw hand (ring and pinky flexed in)

Question 19

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

Answer 19

severe condition
chronic pain
skin changes
inflammation
temp in body parts changes
very hard to treat
better to prevent and notice early on

Question 20

ergonomics and joint protection

Answer 20

prevention: task simplification and education of joint protection and ergonomic principles

Question 21

goal of ergonomics

Answer 21

reduce or eliminate risk factors for development of work related musculoskeletal disorders

Question 22

physical risk factors related to ergonomics

Answer 22

repetition
force
awkward or static posturing
prolonged direct pressure on soft tissue
vibration
exposure to cold
inappropriate or inadequate hand tools

Question 23

5 L’s of Lifting

Answer 23

strong lumbar
head in neutral position
upright torso
knees tracking over (but not beyond) toes
feet shoulder width
weight on heels
crease of hips below parallel
LOAD
LEVER
LEGS
LUMBAR SUPPORT
LUNGS

Question 24

6 principles of joint protection

Answer 24

1. respect pain
2. use the strongest muscles to accomplish the task
3. distribute the load across the several joints
4. use well-designed tools
5. use wrist and fingers in a neutral position
6. avoid static positions

Question 25

autonomic nervous system

Answer 25

sympathetic: excitatory (fight or flight)
parasympathetic: calming (rest and digest)
* most organs are innervated by both

Question 26

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 26

dangerous
spinal cord injury at or above T10
triggered by “noxious” stimuli (cold, pain, full bladder, infection)
sudden and extreme SNS response - very life threatening
symptoms: severe headache, high blood pressure, facial flush, sweating

Question 27

types of peripheral nerve injuries

Answer 27

irritation of the nerve (hitting funny bone)
compression of the nerve (temporary condition)
crushing of the nerve (more permanent injury)
severing of the nerve
tension of the nerve (excessive stretch)

Question 28

peripheral nerves overview

Answer 28

can regenerate
slow process, symptoms resolve slowly
sensory and motor components can be impacted, or just sensory

Question 29

thoracic outlet syndrome (tos)

Answer 29

compression of the nerves or blood vessels
poor posture is a cause
carrying heavy loads
repetitive overhead arm movements

Question 30

treatment for TOS

Answer 30

body mechanics
improving posture
exercise program
IASTM (grasston techniques)

Question 31

TOS symtoms

Answer 31

swelling
discoloration
feelings of heaviness
fatigued body parts
superficial vein distention
muscle weakness
difficulty with fine motor
pain
tingling and numbness

Question 32

additional brachial plexus injuries

Answer 32

burner or stinger syndrome
erb’s palsy
saturday night palsy

Question 33

CRPS

Answer 33

complex regional pain syndrome

Question 34

TOS

Answer 34

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 35

IASTM

Answer 35

instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization