Lesson 3- Cell Transformation Flashcards
During (blank), a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. The external DNA becomes a component of the cell’s DNA.
transformation
Foreign DNA is first joined to a small, circular DNA molecule known as a (blank).
plasmid
Plasmids are found naturally in some bacteria and have been very useful for (blank) (blank)
DNA transfer
The plasmid has a (blank) (blank)-a gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid (and the foreign DNA) from those that don’t.
genetic marker
If transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the (blank) of the cell.
chromosomes
In nature, a (blank) exists that produces tumors in plant cells
bacterium
Researchers can inactivate the (blank) (blank) found in this bacterium and insert a piece of foreign DNA into the plasmid.
tumor-producing gene
The (blank) can then be used to infect plant cells.
recombinant plasmid
When their (blank) are removed, plant cells in culture will sometimes take up DNA on their own.
cell walls
DNA can also be (blank) (blank) into some cells.
injected directly
Then cells transformed by either procedure can be (sentence blank)
cultured to produce adult plants.
Inside plant cell, (blank) inserts part of its DNA in nost cell
chromosome.
Complete plant generated from (blank) (blank)
Agrobacterium, transformed cell
Transforming Animal Cells
Many egg cells are large enough that DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus.
Enzymes may help to insert the foreign DNA into the (blank) of the injected cell.
DNA molecules used for transformation of animal and plant cells contain (blank) (blank)
chromosomes, marker genes.
DNA molecules can be constructed with two ends that will sometimes recombine with (blank) (blank) in the host chromosome.
The host gene normally found between those two sequences may be lost or replaced with a (blank) (blank)
specific sequences, new gene.
