Thoracic Surgery

Question 1

Pulmonary indications for thoracic surgery

Answer 1

Primary lung tumour
idiopathic pneumothorax
Pulmonary foreign body
Lung lobe torsion

Question 1

Cardiac indications for thoracic surgery

Answer 1

Vascular ring anomaly
PDA
Pericardiectomy for idiopathic pericardial effusion
Mitral valve repair

Question 2

Miscellaneous indications for thoracic surgery

Answer 2

Thymectomy
Thoracic duct ligation
Oesophegostomy
tracheal avulsion
Thoracic wall abnormalities

Question 3

Pacemaker indications

Answer 3

Symptomatic bradycardia
Advanced 2nd degree AV block
Advanced 3rd degree AV block
Sick sinus syndrome
Persistent atrial standstill
Vasovagal syncope

Question 4

What does Advanced 2nd degree AV block look like?

Answer 4

P wave fires with not QRS sequence
(Atria is stimulated but not ventricles)

Question 5

What does Advanced 3rd degree AV block look like?

Answer 5

No relationship between P waves and QRS
At randome times

Question 6

What does atrial standstill look like?

Answer 6

No P waves
Only QRS

Question 7

Pacemaker implantation

Answer 7

Transvenous route using endocardial leads
* Via jugular vein in neck

Open surgery suing epicardial leads
*Less common

Sits agains either endo or epicardium