Vascular

Question 1

What is Takayasu arteritis?

Answer 1

Large vessel arteritis.
Affects the aorta and its branches.
Systemic illness of fever, night sweats, weight loss.

Diffuse thickening of the vessel wall

Question 2

What is polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 2

Medium vessel vasculitis.
Affects predominantly renal arteries. Also coronary, GI vessels.
Multiple microaneurysms and infarction.

Question 3

What are the types of endoleaks?

Answer 3

1. Leak from proximal or distal graft attachment site
2. Retrograde filling of a sac from collateral vessel
3. Leak from break in graft
4. Leak through graft material
5. Endotension

Question 4

What is subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 4

Where there is a obstruction in the proximal subclavian artery before the vertebral artery. You get reversal of flow in the vertebral artery when the arm is used.

Question 5

What is Buergers disease

Answer 5

Non-atherosclerotic, inflammatory, thrombotic arteritis found predominantly in young male smokers.

Question 6

History of repeated trauma to distal ulnar artery causing raynauds syndrome?

Answer 6

Hypothenar hammer syndrome
Corkscrew appearance to the ulnar artery

Question 7

Most common site of traumatic thoracic aortic rutpture?

Answer 7

Just distal to left subclavian artery

Question 8

What is fibromuscular dysplasia?

Answer 8

Non atherosclerotic, non inflammatory angiopathy of small and medium size vessels

Can cause:
Neurology if carotid/vertebral involvement
Chest pain if coronary involvement
Hypertension if renal artery stenosis
Ischaemic bowel if SMA involvement

Question 9

What is Cogan disease?

Answer 9

Vasculitis of young adults

• inflammatory eye disease
• audio vestibular dysfunction (vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus)
• Aortitis

Question 10

Classic triad of organ involvement for Granulomatosis with polyangitis?

Answer 10

Sinuses
Lungs
Kidneys

Question 11

How does IgA vasculitis present? (Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

Answer 11

Children 3-10 years

RAIN:
Rash -Skin purpura
Arthralgia
Ileo-ileal intussusception
Nephropathy IgA - Bright kidneys

Question 12

What level is the vertebral artery most at risk of dissection?

Answer 12

C6 - on entry to the transverse foramen
C1 - on entry to foramen magnum

Question 13

Most common organism causing micotic saccular aneurysm?

Answer 13

Staph aureus
Salmonella