lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the function of lipids (basic)?

A

energy source/store
protection of organs
waterproofing
thermal/electrical insulation
component in cell membranes

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2
Q

what elements are in lipids?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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3
Q

what are the properties of lipids (water)?

A

non-polar (insoluble in water) but dissolve in non-polar organic substances

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4
Q

what are triglycerides made of?

A

glycerol
3 fatty acids

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5
Q

what bond is in a triglyceride?

A

ester bond (between glycerol and hydrocarbon chain)

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6
Q

what happens during the formation of a triglyceride?

A

condensation reaction
ester bond is formed
3 waters are made as water molecules are removed

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7
Q

what are saturated fatty acids?

A

all C atoms are joined by single bonds
all C atoms are linked to the maximum possible number of H atoms

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8
Q

what are the properties of saturated fatty acids?

A

form straight lines
high melting point
molecules align readily so solid

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9
Q

what are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

they have C double bonds

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10
Q

what are the properties of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

form bent chains
low melting point
molecules can’t align readily so don’t solidify

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11
Q

what are fatty acids with more than one double bond called?

A

mono-unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids

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12
Q

what are waxes?

A

lipids that melt at about 45 degrees C

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13
Q

what are the function of waxes?

A

animals - insect exoskeleton
plants - leaf waxy cuticle and waterproofing

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14
Q

what are lipoproteins?

A

complexes of lipids and proteins which occur in blood as plasma

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15
Q

what are LDLs?

A

low-density lipoproteins

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16
Q

where are LDLs formed from?

A

diets high in SATURATED fat

17
Q

what do LDLs do?

A

build up in blood vessels as fatty deposits in coronary arteries
restrict blood flow
result in angina or myocardial infraction or make an atheroma

18
Q

what are HDLs?

A

high-density lipoproteins

19
Q

where are HDLs formed from?

A

diets high in UNSATURATED fat

20
Q

what do HDLs do?

A

carry harmful fats away from artery walls to the liver for disposal

21
Q

what does the LDL:HDL ratio show?

A

the higher the ratio the higher the risk of cardio vascular and coronary heart disease

22
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

membrane component (precursor of other molecules)

23
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

similar structure to triglycerides but with a phosphate group instead of a fatty acid

24
Q

what do phospholipids do?

A

main component in cell membrane
electrical insulation in neurons

25
Q

what does a phospholipid contain?

A

hydrophilic head (negatively charged phosphate group interacts with water)
two hydrophobic tails (non-polar fatty acid that doesn’t interact with water)

26
Q

what happens when a phospholipid combines with water?

A

micelle (droplet sphere) forms
or
liposome (double layered phospholipid bilayer) forms

27
Q

what does a liposome do?

A

traps a compartment of water in the middle separated from external water by hydrophobic sphere