carbohydrates Flashcards
what are the 3 main groups of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
what are the functions of carbohydrates?
instant energy sources
transportable/stores of energy
structural materials
what are examples of monosaccharides?
triose
pentose
hexose
what is an example of triose?
glyceraldehyde
what is an example of pentose?
ribose
deoxyribose
what is an example of hexose?
glucose
galactose
fructose
what is glucose?
a hexose monosaccharide
simple sugar
what are the properties of glucose?
polar molecule
very soluble
major respiratory substrate
where is the OH in alpha glucose?
at the bottom
where is the OH in beta glucose?
at the top
what does fructose look like?
a pentagon shape
what does galactose look like compared to glucose?
alpha glucose
OH on the left side is swapped to the TOP
what are disaccharides?
2 monosaccharides joined together during a condensation reaction
what happens during a condensation reaction?
larger molecules are formed
new covalent bond formed
water molecule lost
glucose + glucose
maltose