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pha blk 7 > Mosquitoes > Flashcards

Mosquitoes Flashcards

1
Q

mosquitoes develop through which life cycle

A

complete metamorphosis

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2
Q

which stage do mosquitoes become medically important vectors and pests

A

adult stage

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3
Q

required for larval development

A

water

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4
Q

can be laid singly or in groups; on or near water; on soil , vegetation or other objects close to water; or on soil that is susceptible to seasonal flooding

A

eggs

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5
Q

live in water, also known as “wigglers”
can be found in large bodies of water or in very small amounts

A

larvae

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6
Q

shaped like a comma
live in water and stay on the surface
known as “tumblers”
do not feed
capable of quick, short movements used for escaping

A

pupae

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7
Q

capable of flight
average flight distance is between 54 yards and 31 miles
many only flying 1-3 miles
both M/F feed on nectar
F only feed on blood, required for egg production

A

adults

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8
Q

have feathery antennae

A

males

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9
Q

have hairy antennae

A

females

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10
Q

Eggs:
laid as a raft, comprised of up to 300 eggs
free floating on water surfaces

A

Culex mosquito

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11
Q

Habitats:
breed in pools, puddles, ditches, rice fields, water polluted w/ organic debris
found world-wide except extreme northern parts of temp zones

A

Culex mosquito

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12
Q

Larvae:
have a long siphon “tube” used for respiration and suspend perpendicular from the water’s surface
react to shadows
when disturbed, dive straight down
collect by quickly dipping under the diving larvae

A

Culex mosquito

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13
Q

Adults:
most often non-descript scales
females tend to rest indoors or in sheltered location before and after feeding and during the day

A

Culex mosquito

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14
Q

Eggs:
laid individually on damp soil or on the inner, wet walls of artificial containers w/ water, just above the waterline
eggs are very hardy and can survive drying out for up to 8 months

A

Aedes mosquito

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15
Q

Habitats:
Larvae and pupae are found in marshes and ground pools, some breed in man-made/artificial containers
rest outdoors or indoors before and after feeding
found world-wide

A

Aedes mosquito

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16
Q

Larvae:
emerge from mosquito eggs, but only after the water level rises to cover the eggs
siphons (tubes) are shorter than Culex
larvae rest perpendicular to water surface

A

Aedes mosquito

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17
Q

Adults:
many are marked with white & black scales
may fly short or long distances

A

Aedes mosquito

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18
Q

Eggs:
females lay 50-200 eggs
eggs are laid one at a time and float on the surface of the water

A

Anopheles mosquito

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19
Q

Habitats:
larvae are found in many different types of habitats such as fresh/salt water marshes, swamps, grassy ditches, rice fields, temporary water collections

A

Anopheles mosquito

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20
Q

Larvae:
do not have a siphon tube, instead have a paired spiracles for respiration and lay parallel to the water surface to breathe
when disturbed, larvae wiggle across the surface
collect by allowing water to slowly flow into dipper, or skimming the surface

A

Anopheles mosquito

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21
Q

Adults:
most are dawn/dusk/night feeders
use varied resting areas indoors and outdoors vegetation

A

Anopheles mosquito

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22
Q

Eggs:
are laid in a sticky compact mass, often arranged as a rosette glued to the undersurface of floating vegetation

A

Mansonia mosquito

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23
Q

Habitats:
rooted or floating vegetation in permanent water

A

Mansonia mosquito

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24
Q

Larvae:
use their siphon tubes to pierce submerged aquatic vegetation and breath e
collect by pulling up plants from permanent water

A

Mansonia mosquito

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25
Q

Pupae:
use paired siphon tubes to pierce aquatic plant to breathe

A

Mansonia mosquito

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26
Q

Adults:
most are night biters
prefer to rest outdoors

A

Mansonia mosquito

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27
Q

during the day

A

diurnal

28
Q

during the dawn and dusk

A

crepuscular

29
Q

at night

A

nocturnal

30
Q

feeds indoors

A

endophagic

31
Q

feeds outdoors

A

exophagic

32
Q

feeds on humans

A

anthropophagic

33
Q

feeds on animals

A

zoophagic

34
Q

prefers indoors

A

endophilic

35
Q

prefers outdoors

A

exophilic

36
Q

mosquitoes use which cues for host-seeking

A

visual and olfactory

37
Q

acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic protozoa in the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by certain Anopheles species

A

Malaria

38
Q

Distribution:
widespread throughout the tropical countries of the world

A

Malaria

39
Q

Life cycle:
Two life cycles - primary/secondary

A

Malaria

40
Q

occurs in the mosquito and involves transmission between mosquito-human via blood meal

A

Primary cycle

41
Q

in humans involves invasion of the liver and RBC

A

Secondary cycle

42
Q

only available drug for prevention of malaria relapse

A

primaquine

43
Q

hereditary, sex-linked enzyme defect that results in the breakdown of RBC when the person is exposed to the stress of infection

A

G6PD deficiency

44
Q

acute febrile illness caused by an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes

A

Dengue

45
Q

Distribution:
found throughout much of the tropical world, particularly in Central America, West Africa, South Asia, and many Pacific countries southward into Northeastern Australia

A

Dengue

46
Q

Arbovirus transmitted primarily by Aedes spp.

A

Yellow Fever
Zika Virus

47
Q

Distribution:
found in tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa

A

Yellow Fever

48
Q

Vaccine:
available in the US

A

Yellow Fever

49
Q

Distribution:
Found in South America, Africa, and Middle Eastern and Asia countries

A

Zika Virus

50
Q

can spread from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus

A

Zika Virus

51
Q

inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection transmitted by insects, including mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies

A

Abroviral encephalitides

52
Q

Distribution: worldwide
Symptoms: often asymptomatic or present w/ flu-like symptoms
Examples: West Nile virus
Vaccine: one vaccine available in US

A

Abroviral encephalitides

53
Q

Direct effects of bites

A

Dermal: ranging from mild dermatitis to severe hypersensitivity that may cause secondary infections from scratching
Nuisance: causing decrease in morale

54
Q

overall surveillance should be based on

A

Populations at Risk (PAR)

55
Q

conducted to determine the types of vector and pests, their breeding sites and seasonal activities

A

baseline survey

56
Q

counts of vectors/pests to help pest management personnel decide when to start/stop control measures

A

operational survey

57
Q

specific vector and/or pest targeted for surveillance beyond baseline/operational surveys
includes survey when personnel show symptoms of parasitism by insects, not only disease

A

specific survey

58
Q

use which trap to collect eggs

A

ovitraps

59
Q

basic tool for larvae surveillance

A

larval dipper

60
Q

used for attracting and capturing pregnant females for disease surveillance

A

gravid traps

61
Q

traps to survey adult mosquitoes

A

CDC Light Trap and CO2 traps

62
Q

used to attract Aedes spp.

A

BG Sentinel 2

63
Q

factors taken into consideration when determining which control measure to use

A

size of control area
protected areas
dwelling
field operations
type of facility

64
Q

Education
Drain or fill low lying/stagnant water areas
Remove vegetation from streams to allow water to flow faster and to remove potential harborage
Remove debris from housing and work areas that hold water

A

Cultural control

65
Q

most environmentally sound, but usually the most expensive to implement and maintain
Bacillus thurengiensis isralensis dunks and mosquito fish are most common means

A

Biological control

66
Q

LAST RESORT
larvicides are available to treat identified breeding locations
adulticides are available in many formulations to meet most control needs
give quicker but temporary results

A

chemical control

pha blk 7 (12 decks)

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