MODULE 2 (SET C)

Question 1

Proteins are involved in nearly every biological process

Answer 1

-catalyzing biochemical reactions
-regulating biochemical process
-transporting molecules across cell membranes

Question 2

self-induced movement of the cell

Answer 2

motility

Question 3

process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation

Answer 3

PROTEIN FOLDING

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: All protein molecules are heterogenous unbranched chains of amino acids.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

process by which a polypeptide chain folds to become a biologically active protein in its native 3D structure

Answer 5

PROTEIN FOLDING

Question 6

refers to the linear sequence of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

Answer 6

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

Question 7

generated by formation of hydrogen bonds between atoms in the polypeptide backbone, which folds the chains into either alpha helices or beta-sheets

Answer 7

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Question 8

folding of the secondary structure sheets or helices into one another; geometric shape of the protein; usually has a polypeptide chain as a backbone, with one or more secondary structures

Answer 8

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

Question 9

determined by the interactions and bonding of the amino acid side chains in the protein

Answer 9

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

Question 10

Folded amino acid chains in tertiary structures interacting further with each other to a functional protein such as hemoglobin or DNA polymerase

Answer 10

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

Question 11

external factors influencing protein folding

Answer 11

electric and magnetic field
temperature
pH
chemicals
space limitation
molecular crowding

Question 12

Apolar side chains

Answer 12

no charge

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE: Apolar surfaces disappear from the surface when the protein folds.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE: Misfolded proteins do not immediately denature and lose their structure and function.

Answer 14

FALSE; it happens easily

Question 15

Diseases related to incorrect protein folding

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Cystic Fibrosis

Question 16

branch of biophysics that studies the physics of energy flow in living organisms; How organisms and cells obtain the energy they need to carry out biological processes

Answer 16

BIOENERGETICS

Question 17

Cellular processes such as the binding and breaking down of complex molecules occur through

Answer 17

STEPWISE CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Question 18

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells

Answer 18

CELL’S METABOLISM

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 20

Cellular respiration

Answer 20

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 21

describe how energy behaves in physical systems, biological or otherwise

Answer 21

Laws of Thermodynamics

Question 22

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

Answer 22

First law of thermodynamics

Question 23

It states that in a closed system, the orderliness of the system can never increase but can only decrease over time.

Answer 23

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: Organisms follow the same laws of physics found in the nonliving universe.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

Answer 25

entropy

Question 26

High entropy means _____________ disorder and ______________ energy

Answer 26

high; low

Question 27

energy will always be lost as heat in energy transfers or transformations

Answer 27

Second law of Thermodynamics