respiratory emergency

Question 1

what is dyspnea and its general treatment

Answer 1

difficulty breathing
loosen restrictive clothing semi-sitting / tripod position O2 (SpO2? Value)

Question 2

hyperventilation syndrome

Answer 2

Rapid breathing +++ , upsets O2/CO2 balance
❑ Often young female
❑ Often emotional triggered: fear/anxiety
:
head injury, severe bleeds, high fever, heart failure, lung disease, diabetic

Question 3

what is emphysema

Answer 3

Lungs unable to effectively exchange CO2 / O2 ❑ S/S sob, difficult exhalation, cough, cyanosis,
fever, restless, confused, weak…

Question 4

sign of distress of asthma

Answer 4

cyanotic+++
↑ pulse
↑ med use
difficult to talk
audible wheeze accessory muscle use ↓ LOC

Question 5

what are the two type of bronchodilators for asthma

Answer 5

short acting: Use short-acting medication which provides relief from symptoms within minutes Quick relief for about 2-4+ hours, Taken as needed, to prevent or treat an asthma attack

long acting:Bronchodilators that relax the muscles around the airways to help keep them open.
Prescribed in addition to regular steroid preventer treatment, to help prevent asthma symptoms. Their effect lasts at least twelve hours.
Spiriva
Foradil

Question 6

what is a nebulizer

Answer 6

Changes asthma medication from a liquid to a mist, so that it can be more easily inhaled into the lungs. -Medication is misted through an oxygen flow using a nebulizer mask (ambulance/ER)
-Takes 5-15 minutes to take effect
-Lasts for 3-6 hours

Question 7

peak flow in green, yellow and red zone in asthma action plan

Answer 7

green: 80%
yellow: 50-80%
red: less tan 50%

Question 8

when do you call 911 in red zone asthma attack

Answer 8

> 15 minutes - Cyanotic
- Hard to talk/walk

Question 9

what can you use if you don’t have a inhaler or medication available in case of asthma attack

Answer 9

1-2 cups of strong coffee -> last for 3-4h

Question 10

what do you give in case of an opioid overdose and how often

Answer 10

Naloxone repeated every 3 minutes until responsive

Question 11

how do you adimnistrated naloxone in the nose

Answer 11

Victim supine, perform head tilt
-Insert tip of nasal spout into right nostril as far as it goes
(aim nasal spout slightly lateral)* -Press plunger firmly with thumb to push in dose
-Remove device and quickly discard, note time of administration
-Repeat in 3 minutes if no response (use left nostril)

Question 12

Breathing and Carotid pulse verification» is done simultaneously for a maximum of _ s

Answer 12

10sec

Question 13

ventilation if pulse present but no breathing

Answer 13

START: VENTILATIONS Start with Pocket Mask, progress to BVM -SEEK: Causative factors for respiratory arrest
-RE-CHECK PULSE: Every 2 minutes /change in status

Question 14

first 2 breath are done with or without OPA and with what during ventilation with pulse but no breathing athlete

Answer 14

FIRST 2 BREATHES are done with a pocket mask (without OPA) -Ventilate 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (adult)
-OPA should be sized & ideally inserted before subsequent vents

Question 15

disadvantage of BVM

Answer 15

*Not an easy one person skill to master
*Maintaining an adequate seal
- Proper head position *Recommended as a 2 rescuer skill
* Cannot stay proficient without practice
* Not available to all rescuers

Question 16

what is hypoxia

Answer 16

*Insufficient oxygen reaches cells of the body
*Occurs during serious/traumatic injury or sudden illness
* The body can benefit from supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia

Question 17

S/S of hypoxia

Answer 17

*Increased respirations and pulse *Cyanosis (usually: face is blue=brain is too)
*Changes in level of consciousness
* Restlessness *Chest pain

Question 18

how to prevent hypoxia -> Always establish and maintain an _ provide adequate _, and _ as required.

Answer 18

open airway, ventilation, chest compression

Question 19

is pre-hospital ventilation is recommended and why

Answer 19

no, It has been shown to lower CO2, which causes alkalosis, which subsequently prevents transfer of oxygen to the cell.

Question 20

SpO2 is part of which assessment

Answer 20

primary

Question 21

where can pulse ox can be placed

Answer 21

finger, earlobe, toe

Question 22

A chronic prolonged level of _ SpO2 indicates potential hypoxemia, or deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues in the body.

Answer 22

92% or less

Question 23

An oxygen saturation level of at least _% is considered normal for most healthy individuals.

Answer 23

95

Question 24

For patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke, do not initiate oxygen therapy in patients with SpO2 ≥% (for ≥93% strong recommendation, for 90-92% weak recommendation)

Answer 24

90

Question 25

Target Range for the SpO2 _ (reasonable for most patients)
* Continue O2 admin if SpO2 less than or equal to _%
* Stop the O2 admin if SpO2 above _

Answer 25

90-94%, 96%, 96%

Question 26

For acute stroke or MI
* Do not start O2 admin if SpO2 at or above
_%

Answer 26

93

Question 27

Studies have shown that O2 therapy can increase
_, result in a decrease in coronary blood flow
and cardiac output, and bring about numerous negative effects such as increase in the risk of arrhythmia and cellular damage*

Answer 27

microvascular resistance

Question 28

for patient with acute stroke or acute myocardial infarction what is the recommendation of oxygen therapy if O2 saturation is between 90-92%

Answer 28

we suggest not providing oxygen therapy

Question 29

for patient with acute stroke or acute myocardial infarction what is the recommendation of oxygen therapy if O2 saturation is between greater than 92%

Answer 29

we recommend not provinding oxygen therapy

Question 30

what is inhalation

Answer 30

patient is breathing but need supplemental oxygen

Question 31

what is ventilation

Answer 31

patient is not breathing, breath must be delivered

Question 32

when do we use nasal canula

Answer 32

breathing casualities, extremely stable

Question 33

when do we use resuscitation mask

Answer 33

breathing + non breathing casualties

Question 34

when do we use NRB

Answer 34

breathing casualties

Question 35

when do we use BVM

Answer 35

breathing + non breathing casualties

Question 36

flow of nasal canula

Answer 36

1-6 L

Question 37

flow of NRB

Answer 37

10-15 lpm

Question 38

precaution during oxygen delivery

Answer 38

• do not operate around flame
• do not stand cylinder upright
• do not use grease/oil/petrleum product to lubricate
• check oxygen flow before placing delivery device on victim

Question 39

how many O2 need on reservoir
1. Full tank
2. Minimum volume to be “rescue ready” without a back-up tank
3. Change tank
4. Residual volume that should be kept in tank

Answer 39

2000 psi
800 psi
500 psi
200 psi

Question 40

Emergency interventions in sports setting usually last less than _minutes…

Answer 40

15 min