UNIT 2: The Endocrine System

Question 1

• the body’s “slow” chemical communication system.
• Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands.

Answer 1

The Endocrine System

Question 2

• Chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

• CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHLAMUS!
• Is called the “master gland.” The anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands. The posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance.

Answer 3

Pituitary Gland

Question 4

• The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland - aka the “Master Gland”
• Regulates stress, growth, and reproduction
• Milk from the mammary glands (lactation)
• Sends signals to other glands which then release their own hormones
• Secretes oxytocin and growth hormone

Answer 4

Endocrine System

Question 5

• The love hormone
• Sexual arousal, recognition, trust, romantic attachment and mother–infant bonding. As a result, oxytocin has been called the ‘love hormone’ or ‘cuddle chemical’.
• Oxytocin also increases our self-esteem and optimism, which is extra helpful when we’re anxious or shy in a social situation

Answer 5

Oxytocin

Question 6

• pituitary gland malfunctions and releases excess growth hormone

Answer 6

Gigantism

Question 7

• disfiguring and deadly condition that includes visible swelling of soft tissue

Answer 7

Acromegaly

Question 8

• grows very slowly as an adult (usually shorter)

Answer 8

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 9

• secretes thyroxine, which affects metabolism
• Increase oxygen use by cells, tissues, and organs
• Without oxygen, organs would atrophy (waste away)
  Damage would cause poor sleep, fatigue, depression, dry skin and hair, sensitivity to cold, joint and muscle pain
• Weight gain or weight loss

Answer 9

Thyroid gland

Question 10

releases melatonin to help regulate sleep and body rhythms

Answer 10

Pineal gland

Question 11

• sit atop the kidneys and release adrenaline
• Helps to regulate arousal

Answer 11

Adrenal glands

Question 12

• includes ovaries in females and testes in males
• regulates the development of sex characteristics secrete hormones that regulate sexual behavior and reproduction– can be impacted by psychological factors, such as attractiveness

Answer 12

Gonads

Question 13

• Plays a role in digestion and hormone production
• Regulates insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar

Answer 13

Pancreas