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Mercy CLS 6: Hematology > 1) Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

1) Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of blood cell production and development

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2
Q

categories of wbcs

A
  • Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
  • Lymphocytes: T cells, B cells, Natural Killer cells
  • Monocytes (and macrophages)
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3
Q

organs of the hematopoietic system

A
  • bone marrow
  • liver
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • lymph nodes
  • RES (MPS)
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4
Q

The hematopoietic system is able to respond to …. by increasing production of the cell type needed.

A

infection, bleeding or hypoxia

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5
Q

hematopoiesis does not occur in the…

A

RES (MPS)
lymph nodes

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6
Q

————– in which the development of the hematopoietic cells takes place lie just outside the marrow sinuses.

A

Hematopoietic cords

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7
Q

structure of marrow:

Several sinuses combine in a ————-, forming a —————- that enters the systemic circulation.

A

collecting sinus
central vein

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8
Q

function of thymus

A

serves as a compartment for maturation of T lymphocytes

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9
Q

The liver is not as effective as the spleen in…

A

filtering abnormal erythrocytes

because of rapid flow of blood past hepatic macrophages

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10
Q

cleans most of the particulate matter from the blood

A

liver

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11
Q

discriminating blood filter

A

spleen

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12
Q

spleen receives —% of cardiac output

A

5

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13
Q

2 spleen pathways

A

closed path (rapid)
open path (slow)

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14
Q

How does the open path in the spleen elimintate weak RBCs?

A

the hypoxic, acidic and hypoglycemic environment allows only the strongest cells to survive

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15
Q

5 functions of spleen

A
  • culling
  • pitting
  • immune defense
  • platelet storage
  • extramedullary hematopoiesis
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16
Q

culling

A

removing old/damaged RBCs

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17
Q

pitting

A

plucking out inclusions from RBCs

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18
Q

pitting results in…

A

spherocytes

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19
Q

spleen’s immune function most important in…

A

young children developing immunity

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20
Q

—- of platelets are stored in spleen
damage causes…
splenomegaly causes…

A

1/3
increased PLT ct
decreased PLT ct

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21
Q

MPS

A

mononuclear phagocyte system (RES)

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22
Q

fixed macrophages are found in…

A

marrow
liver
spleen
lymph nodes
lungs

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23
Q

functions of monos/macros

A
  • phagocytosis
  • presentation to T-cells
  • secretion of growth factors
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24
Q

Embryonic blood cells, excluding lymphocytes, originate from the…

A

mesenchymal tissue that arises from the embryonic germ layer, the mesoderm

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25
Q

sites of blood cell development in fetus

A
  1. Mesoblastic (mesoderm of yolk sac)
  2. Hepatic—starting at 2 months gestation
  3. Medullary—starting at 7 months gestation
  4. Extramedullary—if need for cells is great
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26
Q

primitive erythropoiesis

A

production of large erythroid cells in mesoderm of yolk sac

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27
Q

Platelets appear at — months gestation, and granulocytes at — months

A

3
5

28
Q

As the child grows, long bone marrow is replaced with…

A

yellow marrow (fat cells)

29
Q

By age 18-20, hematopoiesis occurs in the…

A

axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvis)

30
Q

precursor cells are directed by ———-

A

cytokines

31
Q

proliferation

A

rapid cell reproduction

32
Q

differentiation

A

appearance of different capabilities in cells that were originally the same

33
Q

commitment

A

the instance when a cell takes on a specific route of development

34
Q

maturation

A

development of a cell from the “committed” stage to the fully mature stage at which the cell has all of its characteristics

35
Q

3 compartments of hematopoietic cells

A
  1. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
  2. Progenitor Cells
  3. Maturing Cells
36
Q

0.5% of total immature hematopoietic cells

A

HSC

20,000 total

37
Q

pluripotential cells capable of giving rise to all lineages of hematopoietic cells

A

HSC

38
Q

HSC marker

A

CD34

39
Q

3 fates of HSC

A
  1. self-renewal (make exact replica of itself)
  2. differentiation (develop into cell with different capabilities)
  3. apoptosis (cell death)
40
Q

cannot self-renew, but they are capable of differentiation

A

progenitor cells

41
Q

3% of the total immature hematopoietic cell population

A

progenitor cells

42
Q

3 types of progenitor cells

A

Multipotential Progenitor Cell (MPP)
Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP)
Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

43
Q

A cell that is going to differentiate (not self renew), but is not committed to any specific cell line yet.

A

multipotential progenitor cell (MPP)

44
Q

The youngest cell that is committed to differentiating into one of the following cell lines:
Granulocyte
Erythrocyte (RBC)
Monocyte
Megakaryocyte (platelet)

A

common myeloid progenitor (CMP)

45
Q

The youngest cell that is committed to differentiating into a lymphocyte.

A

common lymphoid progenitor (CLP)

46
Q

The cells of this group are committed to ONE cell line. They are morphologically identifiable.

A

maturing cells

47
Q

95% of the total immature
hematopoietic cell pool

A

maturing cells

48
Q

-blast

A

earliest maturing cell

49
Q

soluble mediators that control hematopoiesis

A

growth factors (GF) or colony stimulating factors (CSF)

50
Q

an interleukin number is assigned when…

A

AA sequence is defined

51
Q

functions of GFs

A
  • suppress apoptosis
  • promote proliferation
  • control and regulate differentiation
  • enhance functional activity of terminally differentiated progeny of precursor cells
52
Q

most GFs are produced by…

A

stromal cells (monocytes, macrophages, activated T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteoblasts,
adipocytes)

53
Q

EPO is induced by…

A

hypoxia

54
Q

EPO mainly affects…

A

CFU-E

55
Q

most GFs are ———-

A

glycoproteins

56
Q

2 ways for GFs to stimulate hematopoiesis

A
  • directly – binds to the target cell’s receptor & induces the response on that cell
  • indirectly – binds to receptor on accessory cell & induces release of another cytokine that acts directly on the target cell (example: IL-1)
57
Q

GFs that affect predominantly 1 lineage

A

lineage-restricted

58
Q

GFs that influence activity of a wide spectrum of progenitor cells

A

multilineage

59
Q

At the —— stage, the cells develop the Rh antigens and erythropoietin receptors.

A

CFU-E

60
Q

GFs that inhibit cellular proliferation

A

negative regulators

61
Q

examples of negative regulators

A

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)
TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)
prostaglandins (E series)
SCI (stem cell inhibitor)

62
Q

Procrit

A

Synthetic EPO. Stimulation of erythropoiesis in renal disease or after chemotherapy.

63
Q

Neupogen

A

Recovery from treatment induced myelosuppression (to accelerate bone marrow recovery after intense chemo or radiation therapy).

G-CSF and GM-CSF.

64
Q

erythropoietic island

A

central macrophage surrounded by nucleated red blood cells (taking iron)

65
Q

progeny of CLP

A
  • CFU-B
  • CFU-TNK
  • Dendritic cell
66
Q

progeny of CMP

A

CFU-GEMM

Mercy CLS 6: Hematology (25 decks)

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