clinical research

Question 1

GI structures (8)

Answer 1

oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

Question 2

primary germ layers (3)

Answer 2

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 3

endoderm becomes (2)

Answer 3

epithelium and associated glands

Question 4

mesoderm becomes (4)

Answer 4

mesentery, connective tissue, smooth muscle, blood vessels

Question 5

another name for mesoderm cells

Answer 5

splanchnic

Question 6

ectoderm becomes

Answer 6

enteric nervous system

Question 7

another name for ectoderm cells

Answer 7

neural crest cells

Question 8

GI tract layers (5)

Answer 8

submucosa, submucosal plexus, circular muscle, myenteric plexus, longitudinal muscle

Question 9

mouth salivary enzymes function (2)

Answer 9

carbohydrate breakdown and start digestion

Question 10

salivary glands role (3)

Answer 10

moisten food, lubricate food, commence digestion

Question 11

salivary enzyme

Answer 11

amylase

Question 12

pharynx role (2)

Answer 12

food to stomach and prervent choking

Question 13

oeophagus role

Answer 13

food to stomach from mouth

Question 14

stomach secretes (2)

Answer 14

gastric juices and hydrochloric acid

Question 15

stomach role (4)

Answer 15

digest food, kill pathogens, store food, churn food

Question 16

stomach enzyme to break down protein

Answer 16

pepsin

Question 17

largest organ in the body

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

liver role (7)

Answer 18

produce bile, food into energy, clear alcohol, clear some medicines, clear poison from blood, store vitamin and iron, destroy old blood cells

Question 19

bile (2)

Answer 19

breaksdown fat and removes waste from body

Question 20

gallbladder role

Answer 20

bile storage

Question 21

gallbladder secretes bile into

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

where can stones form

Answer 22

gallbladder

Question 23

pancreas role (3)

Answer 23

digestive enzyme production, bicarbonate production to neutralise stomach acid, insulin production

Question 24

what does nuerourology study

Answer 24

dysregulation and injury/degenerration

Question 25

what can dysregulate the urinary system (7)

Answer 25

overactive, underactive bladder, chronic inflammation, urinary incontinence, retention, visceral and pelvic pain, ageing

Question 26

what can cause urinary injury and degeneration (7)

Answer 26

pelvic surrgery, spinal cord injuries/neurogenic bladder, diabetic neuropathy, stoke, MS, parkinsons, alzeihmers

Question 27

sub topics of neurourology (5)

Answer 27

neural origin, neural contributors, symptoms, progression, solutions

Question 28

teams that works with neurourology (6)

Answer 28

urology, gynecology, neurology, immunology, neurobiology, engineering

Question 29

scope of challenge (4)

Answer 29

brain, spinal cord, sensory and autonomic ganglia, nerve genitourinary organ interface

Question 30

what types of disease has vagal neuromodulation been used for (6)

Answer 30

cardiac, immune, metabolic, CNS, GI, respiratory

Question 31

immune diseases using vagal neuromodulation (2)

Answer 31

Crohn’s and RA

Question 32

metabolic diseases using vagal neuromodulation (2)

Answer 32

obesity and T2D

Question 33

CNS diseases using vagal neuromodulation (3)

Answer 33

epilepsy, depression, migraines

Question 34

SPARC

Answer 34

stimulating peripheral activity to relieve conditions

Question 35

what does SPARC use (5)

Answer 35

neural maps, computational models, electrode design, stimulation protocols, surgical methods

Question 36

what does the pelvic nerve supply (2)

Answer 36

majority of lower urinary tract and multiple organs

Question 37

LUT

Answer 37

lower urinary tract

Question 38

pelvic nerve human analogue

Answer 38

pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 39

pelvic nerve speecifically supplies (4)

Answer 39

bladder contractions, urethra relaxation, mechanosensors, nociceptors

Question 40

what does multi scale mapping do (4)

Answer 40

cell to organ structure and function, comparing biological life cycles, cross species harmonisation, micro to macro

Question 41

underlying reference map contextualising new samples

Answer 41

common coordinate framework

Question 42

complete map of neural connections

Answer 42

connectome