MIDTERMS: QUIZ 2 RESPONSES TO ALTERED ELIMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

Inquire about other family members with

A

renal and/or urinary tract malformations.

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2
Q

Ask about family history of kidney disease
with onset in

A

third to fifth decade

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3
Q

Identify family history of male

A

infertility and
cystic fibrosis

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4
Q

Be alert for family members with history of
early-onset renal

A

(Wilms’ tumor) or other
cancers.

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5
Q

is a “snapshot” assessment of
patient urine at one point in time
➢ The urinalysis is a valuable
screening tool for urinary tract
infections, kidney diseases, and
other conditions.

A

Urinalysis

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6
Q

This is to know how much urine the
body is producing in a day or how
much of a particular substance is
eliminated in a day

A

24-urine collection

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7
Q

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTION OF A 24-HOUR URINE
TEST FORM

A

This is the end of the collection. Record the
end time on the container label as “Date and Time
Completed.”

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8
Q

This non-invasive diagnostic exam uses
sound waves to create images of the
kidney(s)

can assess the
size, location and shape of the kidneys,
ureters and bladder.

A

Renal ultrasound

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9
Q

Renal ultrasound
Preparations

A

Drink a minimum of 24 ounces of clear
fluid at least one hour before the appointment. Do not
empty the bladder prior to the procedure.
❖ No Fasting or sedation

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10
Q

refers to a series of X-rays taken of the
kidneys, their collecting or drainage system
(the ureters), and the bladder.
➢ is commonly done to identify diseases of the
urinary tract, such as kidney stones, tumors,
or infection.

A

Serum studies intravenous pyelography

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11
Q

Serum studies intravenous pyelography

Prep

A

❖ Inform your physician if there are any allergies,
especially to iodinated contrast materials.
❖ Those with diabetes who are taking metformin
(Glucophage) will have to discontinue this medication
prior to and for 2 days after the IVP

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12
Q

NURSING DIAGNOSES

A

★ Fluid volume excess related to decreased glomerular
filtration rate and sodium retention
★ Risk for infection related to alterations in the immune
system and host defenses

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13
Q

is the syndrome in which glomerular filtration
declines abruptly from hours to days and is
usually reversible.

A

Acute Renal Failure

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14
Q

Acute Renal Failure
The main causes are:

A

➢ Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
➢ Direct damage to the kidneys
➢ Urine backed up in the kidneys

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15
Q

is a condition involving a decrease in the
kidneys’ ability to filter waste and fluid from
the blood.
➢ It is chronic, meaning that the condition
develops over a long period of time and is
not reversible.

A

Chronic Renal failure

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16
Q

Chronic Renal failure
Those things can happen when:

A

● Diabetes (types 1 and 2)
● High blood pressure
● Immune system diseases (lupus nephritis)
● Drugs and toxins

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17
Q

➢ also referred to as fluid replacement
➢ this fluids are administered to improve
cardiac and tissue oxygenation, which in part
depends on flow

A

Fluid resuscitation

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18
Q

Two classes of Intravenous solutions:

Crystalloids
Colloids

A
  • which are solutions of electrolytes in water
    that cross freely from the vascular space into
    the interstitium
  • are the most commonly administered
    intravenous fluid.
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19
Q

Crystalloids examples

A

EX: PNSS, PLR

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20
Q

Colloids EXAMPLE

A

EX: human plasma (albumin) and
semisynthetic colloids (starches,
gelatins, and dextrans).

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21
Q

the inside lining of patient own belly acts as
a natural filter. Wastes are taken out by
means of a cleansing fluid called

A

dialysate,

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22
Q

the inside lining of patient own belly acts as
a natural filter. Wastes are taken out by
means of a cleansing fluid called dialysate,
which is washed in and out of patient belly in
cycles.
➢ This process usually is done three, four or
five times in a 24-hour period while patient
are awake during normal activities. Ea

A

Peritoneal dialysis

23
Q

This process usually is done in? what hours

Peritoneal dialysis

A

three, four or
five times in a 24-hour period

24
Q

Two kinds of peritoneal dialysis:

A

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
(CAPD)

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)

25
Q

➢is “continuous,” machine-free and done
while patient go about their normal activities
such as work or school.
➢ This is done by hooking up a plastic bag of
cleansing fluid to the tube in their belly.

A

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
(CAPD)

26
Q

The CAPD patients need to do

A

4 exchanges
per day

27
Q

➢ A machine (cycler) delivers and then drains the
cleansing fluid automatically. The treatment usually is
done at night while patient’s sleep.

A

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)

28
Q

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
Machine has 3 main function:

A

➔ Heat PD fluid to body temperature
➔ Controls time of exchange and
amount of fluid used
➔ Monitor treatment safety alarm

29
Q

is a treatment to filter wastes and water from
patient’s blood, as the patient kidneys did
when they were healthy.

A

Hemodialysis

30
Q

Three types of entrance points are: Hemodialysis

A

Arteriovenous (AV) fistula
AV Graft
Vascular Acces Catheter

31
Q

this type connects an
artery and a vein. Healing time after surgery: 6-8
weeks to mature.

A

Arteriovenous (AV) fistula

32
Q

This type is a looped tube. Healing time
after surgery: 2-3 weeks

A

AV graft

33
Q

this may be inserted into
the large vein in your neck. Healing time after surgery:
Ready for immediate use after placement—not
recommended unless medically necessary

A

Vascular access catheter

34
Q

To ensure patency, palpate for a thrill or auscultate for a
bruit over the fistula or graft. Notify the HCP if a

A

a thrill or
bruit is absent

35
Q

➢ is a special type of dialysis that we do for
unstable patients in the ICU whose bodies
cannot tolerate regular dialysis.
➢ is a slower type of dialysis that puts less
stress on the heart.

A

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

36
Q

CRRT is done

A

e 24 hours a day to slowly and
continuously clean out waste products and
fluid from the patient.

37
Q

It requires special anticoagulation to keep
the dialysis circuit from clotting.

A

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

38
Q

refers to the practice of limiting the intake of
electrolytes.
➢___________ are minerals that carry an
electric charge and are found in your blood,
urine, and sweat.

A

Electrolytes Restriction

Electrolytes

39
Q

Normal Sodium

A

135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter
(mEq/L)

40
Q

Normal levels of potassium range from

A

m 3.5 mmol/L to 5.1
mmol/L in adults

41
Q

Normal adult value for magnesium is

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

42
Q

Total blood calcium

A

: 8.5 to 10.5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

43
Q

means that patient can only have a certain
amount of liquid each day.
➢____________ 800-1000 ml/day

A

Fluid restriction

44
Q

Common medical conditions and associated symptoms
requiring fluid restriction are listed below:

A

● Heart problems
● Kidney problems
● Endocrine System and Adrenal gland disorders
● Conditions that cause the release of stress hormones
● Treatment with medications called corticosteroids
● Low levels of Sodium in your body (Hyponatremia)

45
Q

They help fuel the brain, kidneys, heart
muscles, and central nervous system

A

High CHO Diet

46
Q

, also known as starches and sugars.

A

Carbohydrates

47
Q

r is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen

A

Sugar

48
Q

Take sports drinks, gels, or bars, fruit, or hard or
chewy candies during the event at the rate of

A

of 30 to 60
grams qh or 2h

49
Q

are one type of dietary supplement. They are
sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts, and fresh or dried plants

A

Halamang Gamot

50
Q

The FDA considers herbal supplements foods, not

A

drugs

51
Q

CLIENT EDUCATION

A

Signs & Symptoms of infection
● Fluid intake ( if no restrictions 2-5 L/day )
● Perineal hygiene
● Meds. & side effects on urination, color, and volume

52
Q

REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION OF CARE

Encourage the patient to drink

A

2-3L of fluid a day
(Dougherty and Lister, 2015). –if not restricted

53
Q

Ask the patient to observe for any signs of _______ and report these immediately.

A

voiding
difficulties