Skin and mucous membranes Flashcards
Skin layers
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer
Layers of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Features of the epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium
Flat, scale-like cells
Basic tissue type
No blood vessels
4-5 layers
Cells of epidermis
Keratinocytes (95% of epidermal cells)
Langerhans cells (antigen- presenting)
Merkel cells (sensory receptors)
Melanocytes (produce melanin)
The differences between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?
Desmosomes: between epithelial cells. Tonofibrils
Hemidesmosomes: between basal cells and basement lamina
Contents of Dermis
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
A few adipocytes
Nerve endings
Blood vessels
Glands
Smooth muscle (some areas)
Lymphatics
Hair follicles
Layers of dermis
Papillary layer: projects into intervals between epidermal ridges. Richly supplied with capillaries and nerve endings.
Reticular layer: dense connective tissue and fiber components
Skin-clinical correlations and diseases
Acne
Psoriasis
Pemphigus
Vitiligo
Skin cancer
Malignant melanomas
Different types of Skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
How skin cancer occurs and where?
How: Keratinocytes in the epidermis grow out of control to form a tumour.
Where: any part of your body (commonly areas exposed to the sun or areas of previous damage)
What are the risk factors of Malignant melanomas ?
UV radiation,
Moles (collection of melanocytes)
Fair skin with freckles
Sunburn
Family history
