MECHANISM

Question 1

an Austrian geologist and alpine geography expert, noted the connections among the Africa, South American, and Australian continents, as well as the Indian subcontinent. ​

Answer 1

Eduard Suess (1831-1914)

Question 2

He claimed that these regions were once connected by land bridges and had amalgamated as one supercontinent called

Answer 2

Gondwanaland or Gondwana.

named after the Gondwana region in central northern India

Question 3

Eduard Suess’ theory was based on the presence of the

Answer 3

Glossopteris tree fern fossil as well as the glaciation

Question 4

The supercontinent Pangaea is surrounded with a vast universal ocean called …..

Answer 4

Panthalassa.

Question 5

Proposed the continental drift hypothesis. It suggests the movements of the continents relative to one another after a huge landmass broke up.

Answer 5

Alfred Lothar Wegener (1880-1930)

Question 6

When and what book did wegener publish

Answer 6

The Origin of Continents and Oceans 1912.

Question 7

The fossil records wegener used to support his theory

Answer 7

Mesosaurus - Lystrosaurus murrayi - Cynonathus -Glossopteris

Question 8

It is a plant found in South America, South Africa, India and Australia. Its fossilized leaves were discovered later in Antarctica, a fact Wegener did not know at that time.

Answer 8

Glossopteris

Question 9

It is thought to be land reptiles; thus, they were incapable of swimming, much less of crossing the ocean.​

Answer 9

Lystrosaurus murrayi - Cynonathus

Question 10

It is also believed to be a freshwater reptile; hence, it was incapable of crossing the vast Atlantic Ocean.​

Answer 10

Mesosaurus

Question 11

proposed that they were formed by the same process when they were part of the same mountain chain. ​

Answer 11

APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN RANGE - ATLAS MOUNTAINS OF MOROCCO - ALGERIA IN NORTH AFRICA

Question 12

uses sound waves to detect underwater objects.

Answer 12

Sonar technology

Question 13

It consists of interconnected mid-oceanic ridges weaving into all the major ocean basins around the world

Answer 13

Oceanic ridge system

Question 14

It is a long mountain chains that are normally elevated 2km to 3km above the ocean floor.

Answer 14

Mid-oceanic ridges

Question 15

It is also known as the largest mid-oceanic ridge in the world, running about 16,000 km along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

Answer 15

Mid-Atlantic ridges

Question 16

It occurs when oceanic crust moves from the ridge crest due to the rise of heated materials and the sinking of cooler, denser materials from and into the mantle, creating a giant thermal convection current.

Answer 16

SEAFLOOR SPREADING

Question 17

A research vessel equipped with drilling platforms capable of drilling and cutting the seafloor to extract and analyze rock and sediment samples.

Answer 17

Glomar Challenger

Question 18

What does the Sediment deposits data support?

Answer 18

It supports the idea of the seafloor spreading due to the small amount of sediments under the sea aswell as the age of the rocks.

Question 19

It is a process by which the Earth’s magnetic field reverses polarity.

Answer 19

Magnetic striping of rocks

Question 20

incorporated the previously mentioned discoveries in his hypothesis of seafloor spreading. The hypothesis states that new oceanic crust is being generated at mid-oceanic ridges through the convective upwelling in the mantle. ​

Answer 20

HARRY HAMMOND HESS ​
(1906-1969)