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biology > Topic 1 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups.

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

The monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins.

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3
Q

Benedict’s Test

A

A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present.

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4
Q

Biuret Test

A

A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein.

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5
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls.

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6
Q

Condensation Reaction

A

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

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7
Q

DNA

A

An information storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix

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8
Q

Depeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids.

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9
Q

Disaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.

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10
Q

DNA Helicase

A

An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated.

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11
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand.

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12
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions.

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals.

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14
Q

Glycosidic Bond

A

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.

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15
Q

Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount.

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16
Q

Hydrolosis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.

17
Q

Induced-Fit Model

A

A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate.

18
Q

Iodine Test

A

A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch.

19
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.

20
Q

Latent Heat

A

The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state.

21
Q

Lipid Emulsion Test

A

A biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed
on lipids.

22
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules.

23
Q

Metabolite

A

A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions.

24
Q

Monomers

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made.

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are
made.

26
Q

Phospholipid

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.

27
Q

Polymers

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.

28
Q

Polypeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids.

29
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

30
Q

Primary Structure

A

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein.

31
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains.

32
Q

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

A

A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds.

33
Q

Secondary Structure

A

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

34
Q

Semi Conservative Replication

A

The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand.

35
Q

Solvent

A

A substance which other solutes are dissolved in.

36
Q

Starch

A

A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants.

37
Q

Sucrose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.

38
Q

Tertiary Sector

A

The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure.

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

biology (21 decks)

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