Cold War Crises

Question 1

Sputnik 1

Answer 1

Occurred in 1957- USSR launched the first man-made satellite

Question 2

Cuban Revolution

Answer 2

Occurred in 1959, Cuba’s Pro-American government was overthrown by a left wing revolution led by Fidel Castro

Question 3

Geneva Summit

Answer 3

1959- USA and USSR met to discuss Berlin’s future but no solution was agreed

Question 4

Paris Conference

Answer 4

1960- Khrushchev stormed out of Paris meeting after Eisenhower refused to apologise for the U2 Spy plane incident.

Question 5

Vienna Conference

Answer 5

1961-Khruschev and Kennedy met to discuss Berlin further but neither appeared willing to back down over US presence there,
Kennedy increased US defence spending by $3.2bn

Question 6

Berlin Wall

Answer 6

12 August 1961–Khrushchev ordered the building of a barbed wire fence around West Berlin, eventually reinforced to become the Berlin Wall

Question 7

Bay of Pigs

Answer 7

1961- CIA helped Cuban exiles try overthrow Castro but they fail, however this invasion pushed Castro closer to USSR and embarrassed the USA.

Question 8

What occurred in the Cuban Missiles Crisis?

Answer 8

In 16-28 October 1962-US spy planes discover Soviet nuclear bases on Cuba(16 October 1962), but despite tension, the crisis ends peacefully as on 27 October 1962, Kennedy sets up a deal to withdraw US missiles from Italy and Turkey, and on 28 October 1962 Khruschev agrees to withdraw its missiles from Cuba: The USA had to agree never to attack Cuba again as well.

Question 9

What occurs when JFK visits Berlin

Answer 9

Occurred in 1963, Kennedy famously toured West Berlin to show support for its people

Question 10

Hotline

Answer 10

Set up in 1963, direct communications link up set up between Washington and Moscow to avoid communication problems of Cuban crisis

Question 11

Test ban treaty

Answer 11

Set up in 1963, agreement between superpowers to stop nuclear tests above ground

Question 12

When were US troops sent to Vietnam

Answer 12

In 1965 US troops were sent into Vietnam to fight against communist North

Question 13

Prague Spring

Answer 13

Occurred in 1968-Dubcek takes power in Czechoslovakia and tries to bring about reform

Question 14

Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia

Answer 14

In 1968 after Brezhnev failed to persuade Dubcek to stop reforms, 500,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia(20 August 1968). Non-violent protest, but Dubcek arrested.US condemned Soviet actions.

Question 15

Impact of the Berlin Wall

Answer 15

It stopped East Germans escaping to the West(ended refugee crisis)
Khrushchev looked strong but didn’t fight a war
Wall= powerful symbol of communist strength and a physical symbol of the Cold War division of Europe

Question 16

Prague Spring causes

Answer 16

Communist role was unpopular in Czechoslovakia and previously communist opposition in Czechoslovakia had been crushed by USSR, so Dubcek wanted to make communism better and easier to live under:
He wanted to give more power to Czechoslovakia than USSR, to relax press censorship and have more than one political,party

Question 17

When was the Camp David Summit

Answer 17

In September 1959,Khruschev withdrew the ultimatum which gave the Western powers six months to agree to withdraw from Berlin. There was no solution but agreement for talks the following year.

Question 18

How long was the Berlin Wall?

Answer 18

27 miles

Question 19

Causes of the Prague Spring

Answer 19

The Brezhnev Doctrine was set up on 26 December 1968 where the actions of an individual communist country affected all communist countries, so if one country’s actions threaten other countries, then it’s the duty of those countries to take steps to stop those actions.