ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

The most common cause of Mental Retardation is:

Answer 1

prenatal factors

Question 2

What are the three diagnostic criteria for Mental
Retardation?

Answer 2

1) Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning (70 or
below)
2) Concurrent deficits or impairments in adaptive
functioning in at least two areas (e.g., self care, social skills)
3) Onset prior to age 18

Question 3

Name the four degrees of severity of Mental Retardation,
and the corresponding IQ score ranges for each.

Answer 3

Mild (IQ 50-55 to 70)
Moderate (IQ 35-40 to 50-55)
Severe (IQ 20-25 to 35-40)
Profound (IQ below 20-25)

Question 4

What are common comorbid diagnoses you may see with
Mental Retardation?

Answer 4

ADHD
Mood Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Mental Disorder Due to GMC

Question 5

PKU can be detected at birth by a blood test, and its
symptoms prevented by a diet that is ___________.

Answer 5

low in phenylalanine

Question 6

Name the three main consequences of untreated PKU.

Answer 6

irreversible moderate to profound retardation
impaired motor and language development
unpredictable and erratic behaviors

Question 7

Down Syndrome is also known as _____ and is due to the
presence of ______.

Answer 7

Trisomy 21, an extra chromosome.

Question 8

Down syndrome is estimated to be the cause of about
_____% of all cases of moderate to severe retardation.

Answer 8

10 to 30%

Question 9

What do treatment approaches for children with Mental
Retardation emphasize?

Answer 9

Providing education and training that enhance the skills
needed to live productively and independently.

Question 10

If a person has an IQ of 73, with deficits in adaptive
functioning, what would be the most appropriate diagnosis?

A) Mild Mental Retardation
B) Borderline Intellectual Functioning
C) Moderate Mental Retardation
D) None

Answer 10

A) While Borderline Intellectual Functioning is typically
associated with an IQ between 71 and 84, Mild Mental
Retardation is the most appropriate diagnosis when a
person’s IQ is between 71 and 75, with substantial deficits in
adaptive functioning.

Question 11

A Learning Disorder is defined as when achievement is
‘substantially below’ that which is expected given age,
schooling, and intelligence.

“Substantially below” is usually defined as a discrepancy of
___ standard deviations between achievement and IQ test
scores.
a) One or more
b) Two or more
c) Three or more
d) Four or more

Answer 11

b) Two or more

Question 12

____ is the most frequent comorbid disorder in individuals
with Learning Disorder.

Answer 12

ADHD (20-25%)

Question 13

Which of the following has been found to be helpful in the
treatment of Learning Disorders?
a) Cognitive restructuring
b) Social-cognitive skills training
c) Neurocognitive rehabilitation
d) None of the above

Answer 13

b) Because children with learning disabilities often have peer
relationship problems, training in social-cognitive skills is
beneficial.

Question 14

Which of the following are Learning Disorders?
a) Stuttering
b) Mathematics Disorder
c) Disorders of Written Expression
d) Reading Disorder

Answer 14

b), c) and d) are all Learning Disorders.

Question 15

Which of the following are Communication Disorders?
a) Phonological Disorder
b) Expressive Language Disorder
c) Breathing Disorder
d) All of the above

Answer 15

a) and b) are Communication Disorders. Mixed
Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder and Stuttering are
also Communication Disorders.