Monosacchrides and disacchrides Flashcards
What is a monosaccharide?
It contains a single monomer, e.g, glucose, fructose and galactose
What is a disaccharide?
It contains two monomers joined together, e.g, maltose (2 alpha glucose molecules), sucrose (glucose and fructose) and lactose (glucose and galactose)
What is a polysaccharide?
It contains many monomers joined together, e.g, starch, cellulose and glycogen (all made of glucose joined together)
What are the uses of carbohydrates?
They make up 10% of a cells organic matter and are an energy source for respiration. Starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) are energy stores and cellulose is used for structure in plant cell walls
What are the elements in a carbohydrate?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What is a triose monosaccharide?
It is a monosaccharide made of 3 carbon sugars and it’s biological importance is intermediate in respiration, e.g, triose phosphate
What is a pentose monosaccharide?
A monosaccharide made of 5 carbon sugars and it’s biological importance is in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), e.g, ribose
What is a hexose monosaccharide?
A monosaccharide made of 6 carbon sugars and it’s biological importance is respiratory substrates and blood sugar, e.g, glucose
Why are hexose monosaccharides soluble in water?
They are polar as the hydroxyl (OH) groups are slightly positive, forming hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and water molecules. This is important and it allows glucose to dissolve in the cytoplasm and blood stream.
What are the two forms of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose. In beta glucose, the OH is above carbon - 1
What does beta glucose form?
Only cellulose, allowing for a structural polysaccharide
What does alpha glucose form?
Other polysaccharides such as starch
What are the two ways glucose can be drawn?
In a ring or a chain
What is furanose?
A ring with 5 members?
What is pyranose?
A ring with 6 members