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cell reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

process by which a cell divides to form two new cells( daughter cells)

A

cell division

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2
Q

three types of cell division/ cell reproduction

A

binary fission
mitosis
meiosis

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3
Q

Is a form of cell division in prokaryotic organisms that produces identical offspring

A

binary fission

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4
Q

cell or organism growth… replacement or repair of damaged cells

A

mitosis

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5
Q

formation of sex cells or gametes

A

meiosis

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6
Q

why do cells divide

A

DNA overloud
reproduction
Exchange of materials
tissue repair
growth
replication of genetic materials

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7
Q

if cells grow without limit, an “information crisis” would develop
DNA cannot serve the needs of the increasing size of cell

A

DNA overload

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8
Q

food and oxygen have to cross membrane very quickly
waste must go out
if cells is too large this occurs too slowly and cell will die

A

exchange of materials

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9
Q

prokaryotic cell division

A

binary fission

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10
Q

eukaryotic cell division

A

meiosis
mitosis

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11
Q

3 main steps of binary fission

A

DNA replication
Chromosome segregation
Cytokinesis

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12
Q

DNA is copied resulting in 2 identical chromosomes

A

DNA replication

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13
Q

2 chromosomes separate, move towards ends(poles) of cell

A

chromosome segregation

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14
Q

cytoplasm divides forming 2 cells

A

cytokinesis

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15
Q

each new daughter cell is_____ to parent cell

A

genetically identical

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16
Q

The cell Cycle has 3 phases

A

G1 Phase, S phase, G2 phase

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17
Q

G1 phase is

A

Cell growth

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18
Q

S phade is

A

DNA REPLICATION

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19
Q

G2 phase is

A

Preparation for replication

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20
Q

Cell increases in size

A

G1 phase

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21
Q

Replication of chromosomes

A

S phase

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22
Q

Organelles double
New cytoplasm forms
All other structures needed for mitosis form

A

G2 phase

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23
Q

DNA containing cells genetic code

A

Chromosomes

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24
Q

Each chromosomes has a matching pair

A

Homologous pair

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25
Q

During interphase each chromosomes _____

A

Copies itself

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26
Q

DNA found on chromosomes located in____

A

Nucleus of cell

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27
Q

Cell cycle continues process

A

Cells grow
DNA replicated
Organelles duplicated
Divide to form daughter cells

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28
Q

2 main steps kf eukaryotic cell division

A

Mitosis
Cytokinesis

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29
Q

4 steps of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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30
Q

Cytoplasm divide forming 2 cells

A

Cytokinesis

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31
Q

Nuclear division

A

Mitosis

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32
Q

Mitosis is followed by____

A

Cytokinesis

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33
Q

Process that divides cell nucleus to produce two new nuclei each with a complete set of chromosomes (continues process)

A

Mitosis

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34
Q

Chromosomes visible(sister chromatids)
Nuclear membrane disappears
Spindle forms

A

Prophase

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35
Q

Centrioles migrate to the poles

A

In animals

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36
Q

Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
Spindles attach to centromeres

A

Metaphase

37
Q

Sister chromatids separate
Centromeres divide
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

38
Q

Chromosomes uncoil chromatin
Nuclear membrane reform
Spindle disappears

A

Telphase

39
Q

Occurs at end of mitosis
Division of cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells
Organelles are divided

A

Cytokinesis

40
Q

Control the cell cycle at checkpoints

A

Cyclins

41
Q

Decides whether or not cell will divide

A

G1 checkpoint

42
Q

Determines if DNA has been properly replicated

A

S checkpoint

43
Q

Ensures chromosomes are aligned at mitotic plate

A

Mitotic spindle checkpoint

44
Q

Result of uncontrolled cell division of cells that has lost ability to regulate cell cycle

A

Cancer cell

45
Q

Reproduce more rapidly than normal cells

A

Cancer cells

46
Q

MAsses formed called

A

Tumors

47
Q

5 phases of cell cycle

A

First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S)
Second growth phase (G2)
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

48
Q

Division of the cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

49
Q

Cell cycle is controlled through

A

Feedback mechanism

50
Q

Chromosomes contain

A

Genetic information

51
Q

Cells must divide for

A

Growth
Repair of tissue
Asexual reproduction

52
Q

Mitosis occurs in____

A

Somatic or body cells

53
Q

Examples of mitosis occur in somatic

A

Liver
Heart
Skin
Stomach

54
Q

How many chromosomes does human have

A

46

55
Q

Haploid of chromosomes

A

23

56
Q

Diploid means

A

2 sets or 2N

57
Q

XX

A

Female

58
Q

XY

A

Male

59
Q

Meiosis occurs in

A

Sex organs

60
Q

Males sex organs are the

A

Testes

61
Q

Females sex organs are the…

A

Ovaries

62
Q

Meiosis in male produces

A

4 sperm

63
Q

Meiosi n female….

A

Produces 4 egg cells but 1 is viable the other 3 are polar bodies

64
Q

They gave up their cytoplasm to nourish the 1 good egg

A

Polar bodies

65
Q

Egg and sperm are called

A

Gametes

66
Q

Other name of body cells

A

Somatic

67
Q

Meiosis occurs in male..

A

Beginning at puberty

68
Q

When meiosis occurs in female

A

Before birth and the egg mature in puberty

69
Q

Fertilized eggs

A

Zygote

70
Q

Zygote develops in

A

Embryo and form into an adult by mitosis

71
Q

Process by which an egg and sperm unite

A

Fertilization

72
Q

Organism in early stage of development

A

Embryo

73
Q

Homologous chromosomes pair up

A

Before 1st cell division

74
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Look alike
Code for same traits
Receive one from each parent

75
Q

Homologous chromosomes exchange genes during…

A

Crossing over

76
Q

Homologous chromosomes separate during

A

2nd division of meiosis

77
Q

Crossing over increases

A

Genetic variation

78
Q

No crossing over cause…

A

Daughter cells are identical to parent cells

79
Q

Crossing over occurs cause….

A

Genetic variation

80
Q

What kind of cells? Of meiosis and mitosis

A

Mitosis: Somatic cells (body cells)
Meiosis: sex cells or gametes

81
Q

When does this occur? Meiosis mitosis

A

Mito: any time
Mei: male puberty
Female before birth but mature in puberty

82
Q

Number# of division of mito and meio

A

Mito: 1
Meio: 2

83
Q

of daughter cells in mito meio

A

Mito: 2
Meio: 4 male
1 viable in female

84
Q

of chromosomes mito meio

A

Mito: same as parent cell diploid 46
Meio: half pf parent cell haploid 23

85
Q

Type of reproduction of mito meio

A

Mito: Asexual
Meio: Sexual

86
Q

Genetic composition of mito meio

A

Mito: daughter cells identical
Meio: daughter cell not identical

87
Q

Pairing of homologous chromosomes mito and meio

A

Mito: no pairing
Meio: yes crossing over of genes

88
Q

Function or importance mito and meio

A

Mito: growth repair
Meio: reproduction of sex cells

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