3.4 DNA and protein synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the genome ?
A
The complete set of genetic information in a cell of an organism
2
Q
What is a proteome ?
A
The complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell
3
Q
Explain the structure of mRNA
A
- Single stranded
- Linear
- Contains Uracil
- Contains no introns so splicing does not need to occur
4
Q
Describe the structure of tRNA
A
- Clover shape
- Anti codon
- On top is amino acid binding site
5
Q
What is produced from transcription ?
A
mRNA
6
Q
Where does transcription take place ?
A
In the nucleus
7
Q
Outline the process of transcription
A
- DNA helices breaks hydrogen bonds between nucleotides
- Single complementary RNA nucleotides match the single strand of DNA
- RNA polymerase binds these nucleotides together to form mRNA
- mRNA leaves the nucleus via a nucleur pore in the nucleur envelope
8
Q
What happens to mRNA after transcription ?
A
It undergoes splicing to remove introns
9
Q
Where does translation take place ?
A
On a ribosome
10
Q
Outline the process of translation
A
- Anticodon of tRNA attaches to complementary base of mRNA
- This codes for a specific amino acid that continues along the length of the mRNA and forms a polypeptide chain with peptide bonds forming between amino acids
