11.1 Antibody production and vaccination Flashcards
1
Q
what does every organism have?
A
unique molecules on the surface of its cells
2
Q
pathogens can be
A
- species- specific
- can cross species barriers
3
Q
B lymphocytes are activated by
A
T lymphocytes
4
Q
Activated B cells create
A
- plasma cells
- memory cells
5
Q
what do antibodies do?
A
aid the destruction of pathogens
6
Q
white blood cells release histamines in response to
A
allergens
7
Q
histamines
A
cause allergic symptoms
8
Q
immunity depends
A
on the persistence of memory cells
9
Q
vaccines
A
- trigger immunity
- but do not cause the disease
10
Q
tumor + antibody producing plasma cell
A
hybridoma cell
11
Q
monoclonal antibodies are produced by
A
hybridoma cells
12
Q
what is the first infectious disease in humans to have been eradicated by vaccination?
A
smallpox
13
Q
monoclonal antibodies and HCG are used in
A
pregnancy test kits
14
Q
what stimulates antibodies?
A
antigens on the surface of a red blood cell
15
Q
Steps to immunity
A
- the phagocyte engulfs the bacteria, where it is digested and the antigens go to the surface of the phagocyte
- Helper T cells picks up the signal from the antigen and is then activated
- the B cell finds an antigen which fits and then is activated by the T-helper cell
- then the B cells divide to make plasma and memory cells
- plasma produce antibodies that attach the current type of invaders
- eater cells prefer intruders marked with antibodies and they eat loads of them
- if the intruder invades again memory cells help activate the immune system much faster
