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Computer Science > 3.3 Data Representation > Flashcards

3.3 Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

What is denary?

A

Base 10, what we normally use
there are 10 digits

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2
Q

What is binary?

A

Base 2, what computers use
1’s and 0’s

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3
Q

what is hexadecimal?

A

Base 16
there are 16 digits
0 - 9 A - F

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4
Q

What is a bit?

A

A binary digit

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5
Q

How many bits are in a Byte?

A

8

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6
Q

How many bytes are in a kilobyte?

A

1,000

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7
Q

How many megabytes are in a Gigabyte?

A

1,000

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8
Q

What formula can be used to calculate the number of combinations in binary?

A

2^(Bits)

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9
Q

What is the method of converting Binary to Denary?

A

. Put the binary number into the table
. Each time there is a 1 add that power of to your total

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10
Q

What is the MSB?

A

Most significant bit

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11
Q

What is the LSB?

A

Least significant bit

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12
Q

What does it mean if the LSB has a value of 1?

A

It is an odd number

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13
Q

How can you convert Denary to Binary?

A

. Find the MSB and subtract your number from it

. Find the next MSB and subtract it from your new number

. Repeat step 2 until your denary number = 0

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14
Q

What is the formula for the largest possible number with a given amount of bits?

A

2^bits - 1

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15
Q

What are the rules for adding 2 binary numbers together?

A

. 0 + 0 = 0
. 0 + 1 = 1
. 1 + 0 = 1
. 1 + 1 = 10
. 1 + 1 + 1 = 11

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16
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

when adding two binary numbers we can end up with an extra digit that doesn’t fit into the number of bits. This is called an overflow error.

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17
Q

What is the range of numbers in hexadecimal

A

0 - F

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18
Q

Why is base 16 different from others

A

It uses letters and numbers

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19
Q

How do you convert binary to hex-code

A

. Split your binary number into nibbles
. Add up each of the values in the nibbles
. Convert the values to hex
. Join the hex together

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20
Q

How to convert hex to binary

A

. Convert each hex digit to 4 bits of binary
. Join the binary string together

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21
Q

Hex to Decimal Conversion

A

. Convert the hex to binary
. Convert binary to decimal

22
Q

Decimal to hex conversion

A

. Convert decimal to binary
. Convert binary to hex

23
Q

Who uses hex

A

Humans

24
Q

Why should you use hex

A

. It is more compact
. It is easier to remember
. There are less errors if you can remember it
. It is easy to convert between hex and binary

25
Q

what does a left shift do

A

multiply

26
Q

what does a right shift do

A

DIV

27
Q

What is the problem with right shifts

A

. You can lose accuracy

28
Q

What is the problem with left shifts

A

. If there isn’t enough bits you lose accuracy as, there is no more space to store the information
. This is an overflow error

29
Q

What is ASCII

A

American standard code for information interchange

30
Q

How many bits are used in ASCII

A

7

31
Q

What is a limitation of ASCII

A

Unable to represent the alphabet for every language across the world as there are insufficient code combinations

32
Q

What are some file formats for images

A

PNG
JPEG
TIFF
GIF
Bitmap

33
Q

What is image resolution

A

How many pixels in an area

34
Q

What is colour/bit depth

A

Number of bits needed for each pixel
More colours = higher bit depth

35
Q

How can you calculate file size

A

Image size * bit depth

36
Q

Why doen’t file sizes always add up

A

Metadata

37
Q

What is meta data

A

A set of data that gives information about other data

38
Q

What is included in metadata

A

Bit depth, resolution, date created and author

39
Q

What is an Analogue to digital converter

A

Converts analogue inputs to digital outputs

40
Q

What is a digital to analogue converter

A

Converts digital inputs to Analogue outputs

41
Q

What does a sound card do

A

It has a digital to analogue converter and an Analogue to digital converter

42
Q

What is a sound sample

A

Taking a sound and digitizing it

43
Q

What is sample rate

A

Amount of samples per second

44
Q

What is sample Resolution/Bit depth

A

Number of bits needed to record each measurement

45
Q

What is the formula for calculating sound file sizes?

A

File size in bits = sampling rate * resolution * duration

46
Q

What is the frequency range of a human

A

20 - 20000 HZ

47
Q

What is lossy compression

A

Lossy compression uses an algorithm that:

selectively removes data from the file

In doing so, quality is sacrificed to decrease file size

When decompressed, the original file CANNOT be recreated

48
Q

What is lossless compression

A

Lossless compression uses an algorithm that will:

NOT lose any of the original data

The data is represented in a more compact format to save space

When the data is uncompressed it is restored exactly as it was in the original

49
Q

What is run length encoding

A

a simple method of compressing data by specifying the number of times a character or pixel colour repeats followed by the value of the character or pixel

50
Q

what is huffman encoding

A

Computer Science (7 decks)

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