Chapter 3

Question 1

section 1.8

Question 2

LO: Distinguish between the two basic divisions of the nervous system

Question 3

LO: Distinguish between the functions of distinct types of neurons

Question 4

LO: Describe the structure of the neuron

Question 5

LO: Describe electrical and chemical changes that occur when neurons communicate

Question 6

LO: Describe how antagonists can influence the action of neurotransmitters

Question 7

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 7

• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• CNS sends signals to SNS to initiate movement

Question 8

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 8

All nerve cells that aren’t part of the CNS
- includes somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 9

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 9

• transmits sensory signals and motor signals between the CNS and the skin, muscles, and joints
• specialized receptors send sensory info to the spinal cord which sends it to the brain

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 10

• transmits sensory signals and motor signals between the CNS and the body’s glands and organs
• regulates internal environment
• carry somatosensory signals to CNS (ex. being full, anxious, etc.)

Question 11

Neurons

Answer 11

• basic units of the nervous system
• cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information

Question 12

How do neurons operate?

Answer 12

electrical impulses

Question 13

How do neurons communicate with other neurons?

Answer 13

chemical signals

Question 14

Reception Phase

Answer 14

neurons take in chemical signals from other neurons

Question 15

Integration

Answer 15

incoming signals are assessed

Question 16

Transmission

Answer 16

Neurons pass their signals to other neurons

Question 17

Sensory Neurons

Answer 17

detect info from the physical world and pass it to the brain

Question 18

Somatosensory Neurons

Answer 18

sensory nerves that provide info from the skin and muscles
- sensations from within the body

Question 19

Motor Neurons

Answer 19

direct muscles to relax and contract

Question 20

Interneurons

Answer 20

relay stations facilitating the communication between sensory and motor neurons
- when working together they control movement

Question 21

Dendrites

Answer 21

detect information from other neurons

Question 22

Cell Body

Answer 22

where information from other neurons is collected and integrated

Question 23

Axon

Answer 23

where information is conducted from the cell body to the terminal buttons

Question 24

Terminal Buttons

Answer 24

• end of axons
• small nubs that release chemical signals from the neuron into synapse

Question 25

Synapse

Answer 25

• gap between terminal buttons of a “sending” neuron and the dendrites of a “receiving” neuron
• where chemical communication occurs between neurons

Question 26

Membrane

Answer 26

• fatty barrier that acts as a bouncer for what can pass through
• selectively permeable

Question 27

Ion channels

Answer 27

pores on the membrane that allow ions to pass through

Question 28

Q: What is the positional order of neuronal cell structures (cell body, dendrites, terminal buttons, and axon), from receiving component to sending component?

Answer 28

dendrites, cell body, axon, terminal buttons

Question 29

Action Potential

Answer 29

Electrical signal that passes along the axon and causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons

Question 30

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 30

Electrical charge of a neuron when it is not active

Question 31

What does it mean when a neuron is polarized and what does this process promote?

Answer 31

• More negative ions inside the neuron than outside the neuron
• this process creates the electrical energy in order to fire the neuron

Question 32

Excitatory Signals

Answer 32

• depolarize = decrease negative charge inside cell
• increases likelihood that neuron will fire

Question 33

Inhibitory Signals

Answer 33

• hyperpolarize = increase negative charge inside cell
• decrease likelihood that neuron will fire

Question 34

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 34

• ## helps maintain resting membrane potential