Week 7 - Vaccine effectiveness studies: how, why and how much? Flashcards

1
Q

Define Efficacy

A

Protection under ideal conditions. Usually calculated from a randomized control trial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define vaccine effectiveness

A

Protection expected in the real world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you calculate efficacy?

A

Efficacy= 1- Risk Ratio (ratio of attack rate among vaccinated to attack rate among unvaccinated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you calculate vaccine effectiveness?

A

VE=1- Rate Ratio (cohort), incidence among vaccinated vs. unvaccinated
VE= 1- OR (case-control), odds of vaccination in cases vs. non-cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does vaccine effectiveness change?

A

Yes. Once there is immunity in the population there will be a change in VE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If vaccine has a relative risk of 0.6, what is the vaccine efficacy?

A

(1-0.6)*100= 40% efficacy (Vaccine reduced incidence by 40%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a major benefit of vaccines that can be difficult to measure?

A

Cases averted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____________ ____________ is when a group of people experience a benefit from a different group getting vaccinated

A

Indirect effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is test negative study design?

A

When you swab a set of symptomatic patients and calculate VE from the proportion of positive cases (cases) to negative cases (controls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two things to keep in mind when deciding vaccine recommendations?

A

Which age groups would benefit the most from the vaccine and how many doses should be given?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly