class 5

Question 1

definition of a healthy community

Answer 1

one where people, organizations and local institutions work together to improve the social, economic and environmental conditions that make people healthy
-is accomplished through community partnerships and coalitions

Question 2

measures of community health

Answer 2

-status
-structure
-process

Question 3

status - measures of community health

Answer 3

includes physical, emotional, and social component:
-physical: morbidity rates, mortality rates
-emotional: satisfaction rates
-social: crime rates, how families function

Question 4

structure - measures of community health

Answer 4

includes community health services and resources and attributes of the community structure itself, commonly identified as social indicators or correlates of health

Question 5

process - measures of community health

Answer 5

community health is the process of effective community functioning or problem solving

Question 6

strategies to improve community health

Answer 6

-status dimension: primary or secondary prevention levels
-structural dimension: includes program development
-process dimension: best strategy is health promotion

Question 7

characteristics of healthy communities

Answer 7

1.decreased morbitiy rate
2.decreased mortality rate
3.physical/social environment
4.employment rates/healthy workplace
5.diversity
6.decreased homelessness

Question 8

healthy communities movement

Answer 8

-international movement in 1980s promoting healthy communities developed In Europe by the world wide health organization
-movement dedicated to widespread approach to health
-involves national & local policy makers, grassroots individuals, agencies & businesses in planning health programs

Question 9

why is the healthy communities movement important

Answer 9

-addresses many determinants of health that are outside the scope of the health care system
-implementing policies that would provide greater access and equity would have a tremendous impact on health

Question 10

CHNs role in healthy communities

Answer 10

-identifying health issues in the community
-helping community members investigate health issues, and then organize and present these issues to the appropriate resource
-lending their expertise to advocate specific issues
-building coalitions with other sectors, such as education, housing & recreation

Question 11

community partnership definition

Answer 11

involves collaborative decision making efforts in health planning with the goal of reducing health inequality and improving community health. all parties work together

Question 12

coalition definition

Answer 12

are groups who share a mutual issue or concern and join forces to attain a common goal in reference to addressing the issue

Question 13

community as a client: old approach

Answer 13

-provides prevention & early interception programs for the total pop
-CHN viewed as expert
- community assessment uses epidemiological data/disease occurrence
-interventions directed towards gov policy

Question 14

community as a partner: new approach

Answer 14

-emphasis is on community strengths
-further develops community capacity
-CHN partners with community groups
-professional knowledge and knowledge of the community
-epi data, prevention data used

Question 15

what is community development

Answer 15

is a process whereby community members identify health concerns or issues affecting their community that require the development of capacity building skills to bring about a needed change

Question 16

outcomes/purposes of community development

Answer 16

-greater citizen participation
-strengthen individual skills
-improve utilization of community resources
-provide a secure and healthy community

Question 17

challenges of community development

Answer 17

-managing power differentials: person isn’t listening to community members
-meeting unique community needs: person doesn’t understand diverse groups
-reconsidering the nurses professional role

Question 18

ottawa charter for health promotion

Answer 18

-strengthening community action
-building healthy public policy
-creating supportive environments
-developing personal skills
-reorientating health services

Question 19

outcomes of community capacity building

Answer 19

-empowerment:individuals
-community competence:
-sustainability:

Question 20

community competence outcome of capacity building

Answer 20

-a community is able to identify and address health issues

Question 21

sustainability outcome of community capacity building

Answer 21

-ability to maintain needed programs

Question 22

steps in community development process

Answer 22

-defining the issue
-initiating the process
-planning community conversation
-talking, discovering, and connecting
-creating an asset map
-mobilizing the community
-taking action
-planning and implementing

Question 23

community as a partner to the CHN

Answer 23

-blend professional knowledge with the communities specific knowledge/resources
-emphasize the community strengths
-epidemiological data are also considered however in relation to what is meaningful for the community

Question 24

community as a partner model

Answer 24

a partnership conveys an egalitarian relationship between the CHN and community
-people in the community are the CHNs partners and need to be included during the entire community health nursing process
-based on neuman’s 1972 systems model
-developed by anderson & mcfarlane in 1986 to illustrate the synthesis of public health and nursing
-has evolved to incorporate the philosophy that nurses work with communities as partners
-at the heart of the model is the community assessment wheel

Question 25

8 subsystems of community

Answer 25

physical environment
education
safety and transportation
politics and government
health and social services
communications
economics
recreation

Question 26

15 principles that a CHN should follow when working in a community development approach

Answer 26

-community members participate in all stages of the process
-strengths & assests are resources to deal with health issues
-communities need to be ready for the process
-health-oriented change is generated from within the community
-the community is the expert
-intentional efforts are made to reach marginalized or hidden groups
-many different skills or expertise and knowledge are needed
-the goal is to increase community competence
-professionals partner with community
-communities need ongoing support
-health is seen in a broad context
-interventions are guided by the community’s perceptions/acceptability
-the focus is on local concern
-process outcomes are just as important as end-result outcomes
-open communication is essential

Question 27

CHNs and communtiy development

Answer 27

-apply their knowledge of community assessment & community development
-use a strength based approach to support capacity building
-assist in the development of health care services and programs based on community assessments
-encourage and support community to be active in stating and taking ownership of health issues
-educate community members