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Muscular System > Muscular Random > Flashcards

Muscular Random Flashcards

1
Q

account for 40 to 50 percent of body mass

A

Muscles

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2
Q

when contracted, they shorten, pull their
ends & produce movement

A

Muscle

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3
Q

specialized for contraction

A

Muscles

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4
Q

Contraction of a muscle brings
about

A

Movement

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5
Q

study of muscle
structure & function

A

Myology

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6
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle
  2. Cardiac Muscle
  3. Smooth Muscle
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7
Q

Functions of the Muscular System

A

1.) Body Movement
2.) Maintaining Posture
3.) Storing substances within the body
4.) Moving substances within the body
5.) Producing Heat

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8
Q

results
from alternating contraction &
relaxation of skeletal muscles

A

Body movement

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9
Q

results from sustained
contraction of some skeletal
muscles to stabilize body
positions.

A

Maintaining Posture

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10
Q

results
from sustained
contraction of ringlike
bands of smooth
muscle called
sphincters

A

Storing substances within the body

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11
Q

results
from contraction &
relaxation of smooth
muscles in the walls of
organs; also result from
contraction of cardiac
muscle to pump blood

A

Moving substances within body

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12
Q

maintains normal body temp.;
can also result from
involuntary contraction of
skeletal muscles called
shivering

A

Producing Heat

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13
Q

ability to respond to
electrical signals or
nerve impulses that
stimulate muscle cells
to contract

A

Electrical Excitability

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14
Q

ability of muscle cells
to shorten and
generate a strong
pulling force as they
contract

A

Contractility

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15
Q

ability to stretch,
within limits, without
being damaged

A

Extensibility

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16
Q

ability to return to its
original length &
shape after
contraction or
extension

A

Elasticity

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17
Q

Special Properties of
Muscles

A
  1. Electrical Excitability
  2. Contractility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
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18
Q

Connective Tissue Components

A

1.)Subcutaneous Tissue
2.)Deep fascia
3.)Epimysium
4.)Perimysium
5.)Endomysium

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19
Q

• also called “superficial fascia”
• separates muscle from skin

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

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20
Q

• fibrous connective tissue sheet w/c
holds together individual muscles or
groups of muscles

A

Deep fascia

21
Q

• wraps an individual muscle

A

Epimysium

22
Q

• surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
called fascicles

A

Perimysium

23
Q

• wraps each individual muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

24
Q

• continuous w/ epimysium, perimysium &
endomysium
• rope-like structure made of fibrous
regular connective tissue
• merges w/ deep fascia & anchors
skeletal muscles to the periosteum of
bones

A

Tendon

25
Q

• plural: aponeuroses
• a flat tendon

A

Aponeurosis

26
Q

• abundant in each muscle
• capillaries carry blood to muscle cells &
supply them w/ O2 & nutrients
• also remove heat & waste products of
muscle metabolism

A

Blood vessels

27
Q

• somatic motor neuron: the type of
neuron that excites skeletal muscles to
contract; carry electrical signals to the
muscles from the brain
• frontal lobe: area of brain where control
center for skeletal muscle movement is
located

A

Nerves

28
Q

• synonymous w/ muscle cells
• named as such because they are cylindrical
& elongated (each is 10 to 30 cm long)
• thousands of them make up a single muscle

A

Muscle fibers

29
Q

Parts of a Muscle Fiber

A

1.) Sacrolemma
2.)Transverse tubules
3.) Sarcoplasm
4.)Myoglobin
5.)Sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SR)
6.)Myofibrils
7.)Myofilaments
8.)Sarcomere

30
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• the cell’s plasma
membrane
• contains receptor
sites for certain
substances

A

Sarcolemma

31
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• or “T tubules”
• tiny inward folds of
the sarcolemma w/c
tunnel in from the
surface toward the
interior of each
muscle fiber

A

Transverse Tubules

32
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• where electrical
signals travel
through along the
sarcolemma

A

Transverse Tubules

33
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• ensure that nerve
impulses excite all
parts of the muscle
fiber at essentially
the same instant

A

Transverse Tubules

34
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• the cell’s cytoplasm
• consists of myofibrils,
numerous
mitochondria,
glycogen granules, &
other cellular
organelles

A

Sacroplasm

35
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• releases its bound
O2 when it is
needed by the
mitochondria for
ATP production
• the reddish
pigment of muscle
cells
• contains iron w/c
enables it to bind
w/ O2

A

Myoglobin

36
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• the smooth ER of
muscle cells
• stores & releases
calcium ions,
needed for muscle
contraction
• surrounds the
myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SR)

37
Q

•part of a muscle fiber
• long, rod-shaped
structures that
extend from one
end of the muscle
fiber to the other
• make up most of
the sarcoplasm
• the contractile
organelles of
skeletal muscle

A

Myofibrils

38
Q

•Part of a muscle fiber
• thin & thick filaments
w/c are contractile
proteins located
within myofibrils
• give the muscle fiber
its striated
appearance
• their unique & precise
arrangement w/in the
muscle fibers gives
the muscles their
contractility,
extensibility &
elasticity

A

Myofilaments

39
Q

•Part of muscle fiber
•a compartment
formed from the
overlapping of
myofilaments in
specific patterns
• the basic unit of
contraction in
skeletal muscle

A

Sacromere

40
Q

Parts of a Sarcomere

A
  1. Z lines
  2. Thick filaments
  3. Thin filaments
41
Q

• part of a sacromere
• zigzagging lines
w/c are the end
boundaries of a
sarcomere
• separate one
sarcomere from
the other

A

Z lines

42
Q

a contractile
protein w/c is
the main
component of
thick filaments.
shaped like two
golf clubs
twisted together
their heads bind
to the actin of
thin filaments to
contract muscle

A

myosin (thick filaments)

43
Q

a spring-like
protein
molecule that
resists over-
stretching.

anchors the
thick filaments
to the Z lines

A

titin (thick filaments)

44
Q

• part of a sacromere
• are also anchored
to the Z lines;
made of various
proteins

A

Thin filaments

45
Q

• part of a thin filaments
• contractile
protein w/c is the
main component
of thin filaments

A

actin

46
Q

•part of a thin filament

• protein strands
w/c cover the
myosin-binding
sites on actin in
a relaxed
muscle

A

tropomyosin

47
Q

•part of a thin filament

•hold the
tropomyosin
strands in place &
are together
called, troponin-
tropomyosin
comple

•when bound to Ca++
ions, it changes
shape & moves
tropomyosin away
from myosin-
binding sites, to
contract muscle

A

troponin

48
Q

Physiology of
Contraction &
Relaxation of
Skeletal
Muscle

A

Sliding Filament Mechanism

49
Q

Types of Contraction

A

1.) Tonic
2.) Flaccid
3.) Spastic
4.) Isotonic
5.) Isometric
6.) Twitch
7.) Tetanic

Muscular System (5 decks)

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