São Paulo - Changing Cities (Emerging City) Flashcards
At what HDI score is a country considered “emerging”?
0.55-0.8
What is Brazil’s HDI score?
0.754
What is the world average HDI?
0.722
What is the HDI of the state of São Paulo?
0.819
What is São Paulo’s metropolitan area population?
22,620,000, the 4th largest city in the world and the largest city in the Southern Hemisphere.
What is São Paulo’s total GDP and GDP per capita?
Total GDP = $278 billion USD and a GDP per capita of $23,404.
When did São Paulo urbanise?
Between 1950 and 1975.
Describe the situation of São Paulo.
It’s located in the South-East of Brazil, 70km from the coast at the port of Santos, 350km South-West of Rio de Janeiro, 330km north of Curitiba and 1000km south of Brasilia.
Describe the site of São Paulo?
São Paulo was built on a hilly plateau over which flow a number of rivers. The São Paulo city area is divided by the Inhangalau River which flows underground. Other rivers in the area are the Tamaniata and Pinheiros. The city is approximately 820m above sea level and Northwest of Sema do Mar.
How well connected is São Paulo with the rest of the rest of Brazil and the world?
It’s well connected due to its large size and development level, with many roads connecting it with other major cities in Brazil. Many roads and railways in Southern Brazil converge on the city. There is a motorway, Rodovia do Imigrantes and a railway which links to the port of Santos, 70km Southeast. The city has internal links with a subway system and overground tram lines, 16000 buses and two major airports, one in the centre area and one in the outskirts.
What is São Paulo’s culture like?
81% of students said they were descendants of foreign immigrants. 6 million Paulistanos are Italian, 3 million are Portuguese, 1.7 million are of African descent, 1 million are of Arab descent and there 7 other major ethnic groups.
What is São Paulo’s population like?
São Paulo has a relatively young population with a high birth rate and a large population of 20-40 year olds, who are of working age. The number of potential workers puts a pressure on the housing market and the healthcare system, hence 20% of people live in Cortiços or Favelas.
What are the 5 most wealthy prefectures in São Paulo?
-Sapoperia
-Pinheiros
-Santo Amaro
-Villa Maria-Vila Guilherme
-Mooca
What are the 5 least wealthy prefectures in São Paulo?
-Parelheiros
-Perus
-São Mateus
-Itaim Paulista
-M’Boi Mirim
What are the reasons for the difference in quality of life in São Paulo?
-Minimum salary is $300 USD per month as of 2017.
-Average salary is $677 per month.
-Monthly expenses to live comfortably is $1500 per month, only a select few can afford this.
-People arriving from the countryside have very little money and end up living in favelas.
-The wealthier people are, the more political power they have than the poor majority. This means they can create policies that align with their interests and they can also buy houses in the most exclusive parts of the city.
-Poorer people often have to work longer hours and thus spend less time with friends or family, demotivating them and putting them at a disadvantage.
What are the effects of rapid urbanisation?
1) Favelas
-Rapidly developed in the 1980s due to industrialisation, housing shortages and so people had to make makeshift homes.
-No sewage systems, thus water runs down the street and there is a lack of running water.
-600,000 people live in Cortiços, rich and poor can live next to each other, divided by a wall.
2) Unemployment
-Very high unemployment rate in the 1990s, 19% in 1998 and by 2016 this had reduced to 11.8%.
-Not enough jobs for migrants due to underemployment.
3) Traffic congestion & Pollution
- 6.2 million cars exist in São Paulo, 16,000 buses on the roads causes traffic nightmares for normal people.
-Rich can take helicopters, over 200 helipads exist in São Paulo and this reduces travel time.
What is underemployment in São Paulo?
There isn’t enough jobs for everyone, for example a skilled worker (someone with a degree) may be working in a lower skill job like in a factory. This can also be when people who want full time jobs can only get part-time jobs.
Compare the quality of life of Pinheiros and Paralheiros.
1)Pinheiros
-Home of the ‘Jardims’, the upper class region of the city.
-Over 100 restaurants and 200 bars.
-House prices for a 4 bedroom house with a
swimming pool are around $7 million USD.
2)Paralheiros
-Highest percentage of young people in the city.
-Land was available to buy online so families can’t afford to buy land and build houses here.
-Many favelas exist here.
What is pollution like in São Paulo?
-Air pollution kills more people than car accidents, breast cancer and AIDS combined.
-4655 people died as a result of pollution in 2011 alone.
-Pollution = 80.00 (very high)
-Drinking water pollution = 51.85 (moderate)
-Dissatisfaction with garbage disposal = 69.44 (high)
-Dirty and Untidy = 75.46 (high)
-Noise & light polluton = 70.75 (high)
-Water pollution = 75.47 (high)
-Dissatisfaction with spending time in the city = 65.35 (high)
-Dissatisfaction with green areas in the city = 68.27 (high)
What is waste management like in São Paulo?
-240000 tons of waste is produced in Brazil every year and only 2% of this is recycled.
-Only 62% of the population have access to regular waste collection.
-There is a lack of education about recycling.
-There is a lack of infrastructure to enable proper removal of waste through recycling.
What is the Cingapura Housing Project?
Implemented in 1995-2001, it was supposed to build 100,000 homes but only 14,000 were built and favelas were removed and land was cleared to re home residents. The blocks created were 10 stories high and new residents would pay $26 USD per month in rent. This was implemented by the government and local council. This is a top down project.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Cingapura housing project?
Advantages
-Clean water supply, proper sanitation.
- Built on the same land as the old favelas so people didn’t have to leave the area they knew.
-Leisure areas were included in the development.
-There was a lot of funding since t was financed by the state.
Disadvantages
-Favela owners have never paid rent before this.
-Favelas were demolished and people were relocated.
-No provision for small businesses.
-Type of accommodation is forced on the inhabitants.
-Living space is small in each apartment.
What is the Favela Jardim Jacqueline project?
190 families are distributed food by a committee of 9 people. The building of a day care centre later occured. It is thought it will employ 18 adults and look after 240 otherwise vulnerable children. It is a bottom up project.
