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GCSEs > RS Christianity > Flashcards

RS Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

(A) question

A

Outlining 3 facts

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2
Q

Characteristics of God the Father

A

• Omnipotent (all-powerful)
• Omnipresent (all-present)
• Omniscient (all-knowing)
• Omnibenvevolent (all-loving)

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3
Q

Characteristics of God the Son

A

Expresses the love of God through his death on the cross

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4
Q

Characteristics of God the Holy Spirit

A

• Presence of God in the world
• Strengthens and empowers Christians
• Is everywhere

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5
Q

Incarnate definition

A

God in bodily form

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6
Q

What are the 2 interpretations of the Bible

A

Liberal and literal

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7
Q

Literal interpretation of the Bible

A

• The belief that the Bible is the exact Word of God
• Any scientific explanations are rejected

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8
Q

Liberal interpretation of the Bible

A

Accepts scientific explanations about creation

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9
Q

Stewardship meaning

A

Taking care of God’s creation

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10
Q

Dominion

A

Having authority over God’s creation

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11
Q

John 1:1 (Oneness of God)

A

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God

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12
Q

John 1:14 (incarnation)

A

The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us

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13
Q

Importance of the incarnation

A

Jesus reconciled humanity to God, shows that God loves the world and could show that Jesus can identify with our sufferings.

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14
Q

Last Days of Jesus’ Life

A

Last Supper, betrayal, arrest, trial, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension

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15
Q

Salvation meaning

A

Being saved from sin and it’s consequences

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16
Q

Grace meaning

A

Undeserved love of God

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17
Q

Atonement

A

bringing humans back together with God

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18
Q

Original Sin

A

Sin inherited from Adam and Eve

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19
Q

Personal sin meaning

A

Sin done through your own actions

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20
Q

Romans 5:8 (omnibenevolence)

A

God demonstrates his love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us

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21
Q

Immortality of the soul meaning

A

The idea that a soul lives on after the death of the body

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22
Q

Purgatory definition

A

a waiting room Catholics believe souls after death will go to be purified

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23
Q

Agnostic meaning

A

Someone who is unsure as to whether God exists

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24
Q

Mass or Eucharist definition

A

Celebration of Jesus’ death and resurrection in which the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ

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25
Q

Features of the Trinity

A

• One God in the form of 3 persons • Each person is fully God • Each person is distinct and separate

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26
Q

Beliefs about the incarnation

A

• Jesus is God incarnate
• Jesus was God living among the people
• Jesus being God incarnate taught people what God was like

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27
Q

Significance of Jesus’ death on the cross

A

• Proves of his humanity and was God incarnate
• Restored relationship between humanity and God
• Shows how God loves us (Romans 5:8)

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28
Q

Significance of the resurrection

A

• Shows that life after death is possible
• Proves Jesus is the Son of God

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29
Q

Divergent Christian views on heaven

A

Some Christians believe it is a physical place and only those who believe in Jesus will be saved whereas others believe it is a spiritual state and and is open to everyone through Jesus’ death

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30
Q

Eschatology definition

A

Study of life after death

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31
Q

Divergent Christian views on purgatory

A

• Catholics believe souls will be purified in purgatory before entering heaven • Protestants believe purgatory is invented and has no biblical basis

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32
Q

Moral evil

A

Suffering caused by humans
eg murder and theft

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33
Q

Natural evil

A

Suffering caused by natural events eg earthquakes and diseases

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34
Q

Biblical solutions to the problem of evil and suffering

A

• Suffering is a part of life
• Christians should put their trust in God (Proverbs 3:5)
• Christians can pray to God
• All suffering will come to an end (Revelation 21:4)

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35
Q

Revelation 21:4
(Biblical solution to suffering)

A

‘There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain…’

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36
Q

Who is Job

A

A godly man who suffered great hardship after being challenged by Satan with his faith in God

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37
Q

Theoretical solutions to the problem of evil and suffering

A

• Suffering is the result of free will
• The world is a vale of soul making
• Suffering can help people develop a better character

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38
Q

Source of authority for theoretical solutions to suffering

A

In Genesis 2-3, Adam and Eve brought evil and suffering into the world after disobeying God with their free will

39
Q

Vale of soul making definition

A

The belief that God created this world to develop our souls

40
Q

Practical response to suffering

A

• Christians have a duty to help reduce suffering • Intercession • Compassion • Charity Work

41
Q

Intercession meaning

A

Praying for God to help those suffering

42
Q

Source of Authority for practical responses to suffering

A

• New Testament teaches Christians that Jesus regarded suffering as something to be fought
• He did this by healing the sick and feeding the hungry

43
Q

Source of authorities in the Bible

A

John 1:1, John 1:14, Romans 5:8, Revelation 21:4

44
Q

Beliefs about salvation

A

• Jesus’ death and resurrection brought atonement
• Everyone has sinned against God
• Christians able to enter heaven after: repenting and having faith in Jesus

45
Q

Beliefs about the Trinity in the Nicene Creed

A

• Jesus was conceived through the Holy Spirit • Jesus is God incarnate • Jesus is the Son of God

46
Q

Marriage meaning
[][][]

A

The legal union of two people in a relationship

47
Q

SOA for marriage in Christianity

A

A man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. Mark 10 : 7- 8

48
Q

Cohabitation

A

A couple living together in a sexual relationship without marriage

49
Q

Importance of marriage in society

A

• Provides a secure environment for children to grow up in • Provides legal protection for the family • Encourages a stable relationship • Viewed as a civil ceremony

50
Q

Christian beliefs about marriage

A

• Sanctity of marriage (Marriage is special because it’s a holy gift from God)
• Catholics believe it’s a sacrament (ceremony where there’s God’s grace)
• Requires faithfulness and is a life long relationship
• A covenant before God
• The Church believes it’s ‘central to the stability and health of human society’
• Jesus believed in monogamy

51
Q

Promiscuity meaning

A

Having multiple sexual relationships

52
Q

Extramarital sex meaning

A

Having an affair outside your marriage

53
Q

Premarital sex meaning

A

Sex before marriage

54
Q

Homosexuality meaning

A

Sexual attraction to people of the same sex

55
Q

Why are some Christians against cohabitation?

A

Christianity teaches that sex outside of marriage is wrong (Sex must happen exclusively within marriage - Catholic Church) • Cohabitation can encourage a casual attitude to marriage • Increases the likelihood of breaking up

56
Q

Purposes of sex

A

• Unitive (brings a couple together) • Marital (Marriage is consummated by sex) • Procreative (to be open to produce children) • God ask Christians to ‘go forth and multiply’ in Genesis

57
Q

Christian beliefs regarding sex

A

• It should be between a man and woman (Mark‬ ‭10:7-8) • Conservatives believe sex first requires the commitment of marriage •
Adultery is wrong and is forbidden by the Ten Commandments • Adultery breaks the covenant before God

58
Q

Conservative Christian views towards homosexuality

A

Catholics believe:
• Sex should be between a man and woman
• Homosexuality is not a sin but homosexual sexual relationships are sinful

Evangelical Protestants believe:
• Homosexuality is a sin
• However the salvation of Christ can remove all sins, including homosexuality

59
Q

How has attitudes to marriage and family changed over the years?

A

More people are likely to: • Have premarital sex • Be promiscuous • Cohabit • Use contraception • Not be in a nuclear family
• This could be due to economic pressures or society becoming more accepting of autonomy (Independence of people (to choose their partner)
• Single parent families have increased as divorces have increased

60
Q

Contraception meaning

A

Method that prevents conception during sex

61
Q

Christian views against contraception

A

• Catholics believe birth control is not God’s intention and it goes against the procreative purpose of sex • (Sex should have the possibility of creating new life - Humanae Vitae) • Some contraceptives have abortifacient effects which are against Church teachings and can be considered blasphemous

62
Q

Catholic views towards divorce

A

• They do not allow a divorce unless the marriage is annulled, not consummated or if the partner has died • Catholics who remarry may be refused communion • Covenant before God and lifelong relationship shouldn’t be broken by earthly power • Jesus taught divorce and remarriage is adultery and therefore is a sin • Alternatives like counselling and therapy should be considered

63
Q

Non - Catholic views towards divorce

A

• Christians are allowed forgiveness and a new chance at marriage if they’re repentant • Divorce is allowed

64
Q

Atheist and humanist attitudes towards divorce (& Situation Ethics)

A

• They believe couples should have the right to divorce and also remarry • It ensures that children are well provided for • Brings domestic peace • Ends a child’s exposure to potential parental conflict • Gives a chance for a fresh start and new relationships

65
Q

Nuclear family

A

A mother, father and their children

66
Q

Disadvantages of divorce

A

• Expensive process • Can hurt children as they’re forced to choose between their parents

67
Q

Divorce meaning

A

Legal ending of a marriage

68
Q

Annulment

A

A declaration by the Church that a marriage wasn’t a true marriage

69
Q

SOAs for men and women in the family

A

• Genesis 1 says that men and women are created in the image of God (and therefore are equal) • Ephesians 5 says a wife should submit to their husband and a husband should love his wife (so they have different roles)• Genesis 2 says man was created first with the woman being created as a helper (so men are superior)

70
Q

Christian views on gender roles in the family

A

Conservative Christians (eg Catholics & Evangelical Protestants) teach that it’s the mother’s role to look after the children while the father’s role is work • Liberal Christians (eg Liberal Protestants) accept that men and women are equal therefore it’s not necessary to have a head of family

71
Q

Why is the family important to Christians?

A

• Jesus loves children
(Let the little children come to me, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them - Matthew 19:14)

• Children are a gift from God and should be brought up in a loving environment

• Children are introduced to the faith through baptism and Sunday school
(bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord - Ephesians 6:4)

• Children have a duty to look after parents and to honour them (10 commandments)

72
Q

Sacrament meaning

A

A ceremony where God’s grace is given

73
Q

Monogamy

A

Marriage to one person at a time

74
Q

SOA for sex outside of marriage

A

1 Corinthians 6 :18 - Run from sexual sin. For sexual immorality is a sin against your own body

75
Q

Christian views for contraception

A

Protestants allow contraception as nothing in the Bible forbids it • Prevents the risk of getting infections • Sex was created for enjoyment and cements bonds of marriage

76
Q

Humanist/ Atheist attitudes to sex

A

• It can happen pre-maritally
• Requires consent
• Contraceptives can be used for safety
• Accepts same sex relationships

77
Q

Liberal Christian views towards homosexuality

A

Protestants believe:
• We are to love our neighbour as ourselves including homosexuals (Mark 12)
• We are all created in God’s image so they should be accepted (Genesis 1)
• Some Protestants (eg Quakers) celebrate same sex marriages in their churches and allow homosexuals to be church leaders

78
Q

Atheist/Humanist attitudes to homosexuality

A

• Individual liberty and the right to love whoever you want is important • It’s accepted as long as no harm is caused

79
Q

SOA against divorce

A

Matthew 19:9 - whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery

80
Q

Conservative Christian views on gender roles in the Church

A

Catholicism teaches that:
• Only men can be priests as they represent Jesus
• Priests are successors of the apostles and they were all men

Evangelical Protestants believe:
• Women cannot speak in Church
• Eve was led astray by Satan so women might be unworthy of speaking
• Only men can be Church leaders

81
Q

SOAs regarding gender prejudice

A

• You are all one in Christ Jesus (Galatians 3:28)
Therefore Jesus’ resurrection has removed inequality

• God doesn’t show favouritism (Romans 2:11)
Therefore we are equal

• The first person to spread the news of Jesus’ resurrection was a woman (Mary) in the gospel

82
Q

Liberal Christian views on gender roles in the Church

A

Liberal Protestants believe:
• Men and women have equal roles in religion
• Women can be church leaders
• Jesus treated men and women equally

83
Q

Difference between gender discrimination and prejudice

A

Gender prejudice is a judgement made about someone based on their gender • Discrimination is acting on prejudice

84
Q

Celibacy

A

Not having sex

85
Q

Purpose of local parishes

A

• Hold baptisms • Sunday schools • Youth groups • Family counselling • Food-bank donations • Church primary and secondary schools provide Christian education along with standard education

86
Q

Parish meaning

A

An area around a local church

87
Q

SOA against homosexuality

A

Leviticus 18 - You are not to sleep with a man as with a woman; it is detestable

88
Q

SOA for divorce

A

Luke 6:36 Be merciful just as your Father is merciful

89
Q

Five main family types in society today

A

• Nuclear family
• Same sex family
• Extended family
• Single parent family
• Blended family

90
Q

Describe what a blended family is

A

Parents with children from previous relationships

91
Q

Types of contraception

A

Artificial:
Condoms • Diaphragms • Injections • ‘Morning after pills’ that prevent ovulation

Natural:
• Rhythm (planning sex around a woman’s most fertile times to reduce pregnancy)
• Pull out method

92
Q

Situation ethics meaning

A

The Christian belief in ‘loving thy neighbour’ and basing the situation on whether it’s the most loving thing to do

93
Q

How does situation ethics promote the use of contraception?

A

• Improves the health of the woman • Reduces the need for unsafe abortions • Protects against STIs

94
Q

How has Christianity opposed gender prejudice and discrimination?

A

• The Church of England has given people the option to drop the word ‘obey’ from marriage vows • Church of England has begun to ordain woman as priests • Jesus treated men and women equally

GCSEs (17 decks)

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