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Exam 1 & 2 PowerPoint Flashcards > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

A

Potatoes, rice, grains and starchy foods

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2
Q

Name off two examples of simple carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

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3
Q

Glucose is a major source of what?

A

Energy

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4
Q

What’s commonly found in fruits?

A

Fructose

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5
Q

What’s not normally found in nature alone but found in the disaccharide called lactose?

A

Galactose

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6
Q

What foods contain monosaccharides?

A

Honey, cane sugar, dairy products, beans, and fruit

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7
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose (malt sugar)

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8
Q

What is maltose found in?

A

Beer, some breads and grains

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9
Q

What is lactose found in?

A

Dairy products

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10
Q

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides have how many molecules?

A

Monosaccharides only have 1 molecule

Disaccharides contain 2 molecules

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11
Q

Name 3 examples of complex carbs

A

Starch, glycogen, and fiber

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12
Q

What makes complex carbs different from monosaccharides or disaccharides?

A

Complex carbs contain more than 10 sugar molecules

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13
Q

Complex carbs are also called what?

A

Polysaccharides

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14
Q

What is starch?

A

The storage form of glucose in plants

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15
Q

What is glucose?

A

A single sugar used in both plant and animal tissues for energy

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16
Q

What’s the main source of fuel for the cells?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

What are some starch foods?

A

Corn, potatoes, rice, beans, pasta, and grains

18
Q

What is glycogen made up of?

A

Many glucose units (single sugar)

19
Q

Glycogen is made and stored by what?

A

The liver and muscle tissues of humans

20
Q

Glycogen is NOT considered a complex carb in foods.

True or false?

A

True

21
Q

What is fiber?

A

Indigestible matter that survives digestion in the small intestine and then reaches the large intestine.

22
Q

What are the 2 categories that fiber is divided into?

A

Soluble & Insoluble

23
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

It can be dissolved in water

24
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

It can’t dissolve in water

25
Q

Soluble fibers are-

A

Fermentable fibers

26
Q

It is believed that soluble fibers do what?

A

Decrease blood cholesterol and sugar levels, thus lowering the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes

27
Q

Insoluble fibers are-

A

Non-fermentable

28
Q

It’s believed that insoluble fibers do what?

A

Decrease risk of constipation and colon cancer because it decreases stool bulk and reduces transit time

29
Q

How can a decreased transit time decrease colon cancer risk?

A

A reduced transit time means shortened exposure to consumed carcinogens in the intestine which may lower colon cancer risk

30
Q

You should drink lots of fluids when eating fiber

True or false?

A

True

31
Q

What is the goal for a day’s fiber intake?

A

25-40 grams

32
Q

What is flatulence?

A

Bacteria producing gas

33
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

A component of fiber in plants

34
Q

How are oligosaccharides digested?

A

Not digested whenever they reach the colon and are fermented by flatulence

35
Q

What foods contain oligosaccharides?

A

Leeks, onions, asparagus, and beans

36
Q

Name an alternative sweetener

A

Sugar Alcohol

37
Q

What’s another name for sugar alcohol?

A

Nutritive sweetener

38
Q

Sugar alcohols are almost as sweet as sucrose (table sugar) but only provide have the calories

True or false?

A

True

39
Q

What’s the major advantage of sugar alcohols over sucrose?

A

They aren’t fermented by bacteria on the tooth surface, which causes less tooth decay

40
Q

Other alternative sweeteners have been developed to provide zero-calorie/low-calorie sweetening for foods and drinks.
Because many of these sweeteners provide little to no calories, these sweeteners are also referred to as-

A

Non-nutritive sweeteners

Exam 1 & 2 PowerPoint Flashcards (16 decks)

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