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nail fundamentals > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why to know the history of nail technology (4)

A
  • helps you predict and understand upcoming trends
  • understand the development of techniques or services that are used today
  • broaden offerings and expertise in services
  • wide range of opportunities available to nail techs
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2
Q

how far does nail technology date back to

A

3000 BC

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3
Q

1900-1919 (1)

A
  • california perfume company (Avon) market manicure set
    -bleach, tint, pomade
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4
Q

1920s (2)

A

moon manicure- tip and lunula bare

  • 1st acetone nail polish remover
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5
Q

1930s (1)

A
  • 1st modern nail polish using pigments instead of dyes
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6
Q

1940s (1)

A
  • weekly manicure became popular
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7
Q

1950s (3)

A

-red long nails
-at home care
- acrylic-like solutions

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8
Q

1960s (3)

A
  • musicians were the new influence
    -pastel colours
  • flower child nail art
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9
Q

1970s (4)

A
  • 1st monomer liquid and polymer powder nail service (acrylic)
  • French manicure

-ridge filler

-long nails

-

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10
Q

1980s (3)

A

-nail art- decals, jewels, metallic strips and hand drawn

-acrylic approves

  • neons and square tips
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11
Q

1990s (4)

A
  • spa business popularity causing natural manicures and pedicures
  • airbrush
  • 1st pedicure system
  • UV gel systems
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12
Q

2000- 2009 (3)

A
  • nail grooming reached high demand and range of services
  • pedicures became 2nd most requested nail service
  • long lasting mani and pedis
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13
Q

2010- present (3)

A
  • UV Gel manicure popularizes
  • acrylic popularizes
  • nail art stamping
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14
Q

scope of practice (3)

A
  • cannot diagnose
  • refer to proper doctor
  • can modify service to certain degree
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15
Q

diseases of the nail (9)

A

-onycholysis
- onychocryptosis
- onychomadesis
- onychomycosis
- onychosis
-paronychia
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
-tinea pedis
- pyogenic granuloma

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16
Q

onycholysis (4)

A
  • operation of nail plate and bed
  • due to injury or allergic reaction

-when cause is removed it begins to heal

  • refer
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17
Q

onychocryptosis (3)

A
  • ingrown nail on hands and feet
  • nail grows into side of tissue around nails

-medical referral

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18
Q

onychomadesis (3)

A
  • separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed

-caused by infection , injury to matrix, systematic illness, medical procedures (chemo)

  • medical referral
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19
Q

onychomycosis (6)

A
  • fungal infection of nail plate

-whitish patches that can be scraped off

  • long whites/pale yellowish streaks within nail plate

third form causes free edge to crumble- can affect whole nail plate

starts at free edge - matrix

  • medical referral required
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20
Q

onychosis (3)

A

onychia

  • inflammation of matrix and shedding of the nail caused by infection or injury
  • possible medical referral required
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21
Q

paronychia (4)

A

-bacterial inflammation of tissue around the nail plate

  • causing pus , swelling, redness
  • seen in dry or chapped hands from excessive exposure to water and detergents
  • medical referral required

-

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22
Q

pseudomonas aeruuginosa (4)

A
  • rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection

= starts yellow-green spots that become darker

  • yellow to green to brown to black

-medical referral required

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23
Q

pyogenic granuloma (3)

A

-severe inflammation of the nail

  • inn which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to nail plate

-medical referral required

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24
Q

tine pedis (4)

A
  • fungal infection of the feet AKA athletes foot
  • red patches or scaling of the skin on the bottom of the feet/inbetween toes
  • contagious
  • medical referral
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25
Q

products use in a manicure (8)

A
  • soap/hand sanitizes
  • polish removers
  • nail oils/lotions/creams
  • cuticle removers/conditioners,/softeners
  • base coat
  • polish
  • top coat
  • quick dry drops
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26
Q

products for manicure service (9)

A
  • soak
  • scrubs
  • lotions
  • sanitizing spray
  • callus softener
  • base coat
  • nail polish
  • top coat
  • dry drops
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27
Q

what is a basic manicure (3)

A
  • great as an intro to hand and nail care
  • maintaining the nail and skin areas.
  • polish ,cuticle and nail care, massage, soak
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28
Q

was is a spa manicure (2)

A
  • additional application procedures

-exfoliation and paraffin

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29
Q

benefits of a manicure and pedicures (7)

A
  • cleanse
  • relax
  • Rolex nerves
  • improves circulation
  • prevent hangnails

-can help with bad habits

-infection prevention and health

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30
Q

integumentary system (5)

A

skin and accessory organs

-oil and sweat glands

  • sensory receptors

-hair

-nails

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31
Q

describe a healthy nail (5)

A
  • smooth

-flexible

-translucent

  • pink nail bed
  • shiny
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32
Q

technical name for nail

A

onyx

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33
Q

onychology

A

study of the structure and growth of nails

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34
Q

onychosis

A

any disease or disorder of the nail

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35
Q

signs of infection (6)

A
  • red
  • pain
  • swelling

-fever

-throbbing

  • pus
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36
Q

list the structure of the nail (15)

A

-free edge

-onychodrmal band

-nail plate

-nail wall

-peronychium

-lunula

-eponychium

-cuticle

-nail matrix

-bed epithelium

  • nail root
  • mantle
  • nail bed
  • nail folds- proximal and lateral
  • hyponychium
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37
Q

what is the close and far edge of the nail called ?

A

proximal - close

distal - far

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38
Q

free edge

A

part of plate extending over edge of finger/toe

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39
Q

onychodermal band ** (2)

A
  • specialized ligaments attaching nail bed and matrix to bone
  • natural smile line ***
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40
Q

nail plate (4)

A
  • hard keratin plate on top of/slowly sliding across tip
  • most visible and functional part
  • 50-100 layers
  • protects finger tips
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41
Q

nail plate growth factors (4)

A
  • filing techniques
  • environment

-chemicals

-aging.

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42
Q

nail wall

A
  • consists of folds of skin on either side of the nail groove
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43
Q

lunula (4)

A
  • point where nail matrix and nail bed meet
  • half moon
  • easily damaged
  • where creation of cells are found
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44
Q

nail bed

A

-portion of skin supporting nail plate as it grows

  • contains blood vessels and nerves
  • protected by nail folds
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45
Q

matrix (3)

A
  • area where nail plates cells are formed
  • composed of matrix cells that make nail plates
  • contains nerves, lymphs, and blood vessels
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46
Q

mantle

A
  • pocket like structure holding nail root and matrix
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47
Q

cuticle (2)

A
  • dead skin cells shedding by proximal nail fold

-creates seal

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48
Q

LATERAL NAIL FOLD

A

along sides of nail plate guiding growth

49
Q

proximal nail fold (3)

A
  • another seal
  • layer of dermis & epidermis that covers matrix
  • living skin
50
Q

eponychium (2)

A
  • living skin at the base of nail plate covering matrix

-produces cuticle

51
Q

bed epithelium

A
  • thin sticky layer of epidermis attaching plate to bed
  • assist forward growth
52
Q

keratin

A

protein in nails (hard)

53
Q

hyponychium (2)

A

-seal found under free edge to prevent bacteria from entering nail unit

-can over grow

54
Q

perinychium

A

skin that overlaps and surrounds the sides of nails

55
Q

5 basic massage movements

A
  • effleurage
    -petrissage
    -friction
    -tapotement
    -vibration
56
Q

effleurage

A

continuous movement

57
Q

petrissage

A

kneading movements to stimulate

58
Q

friction

A

pressure across ligaments, tendons and muscles

59
Q

tapotement

A

fast tapping movements

60
Q

vibration

A

highly stimulating , use minimally

61
Q

why does skin wrinkle in water (2)

A
  • keratin cells absorb- layer of skin expands
  • creates grip
62
Q

how does base colour and top coats work

A

work strictly by evaporation

63
Q

how does quick dry work (3)

A

-higher solvents

  • polymers dissolve
  • as they evaporate they leave polymer film
64
Q

nail disorders definition

A

-unhealthy condition of the nail that is either hereditary, injury or disease of nail unit

65
Q

nail disorder list (16)

A

-beaus line

-eggshell nail

-leukonychia

-nail pterygium

-ridged nail

-splinter hemorrhage

  • bruised nail

-hangnail

-melanonychia

-onychophagy

-pilcatured nail

  • discoloured nail

-infected finger

-nail psoriasis

-onychohexis

-pincer nail

66
Q

beaus lines (2) and causes

A
  • depression running across width of nail plate

-due to slowing production of matrix

67
Q

can you service beaus line

A
  • yes
68
Q

bruised nail bed (2) and causes

A
  • dark purplish spots

-from small injury to nail bed

69
Q

can you work on a bruised nail

A
  • yes
  • can cover with nail polish
70
Q

discoloured nails (2) and causes

A

-turns a variety of colours

  • surface staining, systematical disorder, poor blood circulation
71
Q

can you work on discoloured nails

A

yes

cover with nail polish

72
Q

eggshell nails and causes (3)

A
  • noticeably thin white nail plates

-more flexible than normal

-improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, overfilling

73
Q

can you work on eggshell nails

A

yes
be careful with filing

74
Q

hangnail and causes (1)

A

-damaged skin around nail plate, becomes split or torn

75
Q

can you work on a hangnail (2)

A

can be carefully trimmed and worked on

if infected do not work on

76
Q

infected finger

A

-visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, pus

77
Q

can you work on an infected finger

A

no refer to medic

78
Q

leukonychia and causes (3)

A
  • whitish spots of discolouration

-minor injury to nail matrix

-disappears as nail grows

79
Q

can you work on leukonychia

A

yes

80
Q

melanonychia (2)

A

-significant darkening of nails caused by pigment cells

  • band from base to free edge or whole plate
81
Q

can you work on melanonychia

A

yes

82
Q

nail psoriasis (2)

A

pitting, roughing, onycholysis, and bed discolouration

-plate may appear rough, free edge ragged

83
Q

nail pterygium (2)

A
  • abnormal stretching of eponiychium or hyponychium around nail plate
  • serious injury or allergic reaction
84
Q

can you work on nail psoriasis

A

yes

85
Q

can you work on nail pterygium

A

yes

86
Q

onychophagy

A

bitten nails

87
Q

onychorhexis and causes (2)

A
  • abnormal split/brittle nails appearing as surface roughness on nail plate

-heredity, injury to matrix, excessive exposure to cuticle remover , harsh cleansing agents, aggressive filing

88
Q

pincer nails (2)

A

-AKA trumpet nails

-dramatically increased nail curvature of free edge

89
Q

can you work on pincer nails

A

not extreme

90
Q

plicatured nails and causes (4)

A
  • AKA folded nails
  • highly curved nail plate

-injury to matrix

-often lead to ingrown nails

-

91
Q

can you work on plicated nails

A

yes

92
Q

ridged nails (3)

A

-lengthwise grooves in plate

-often mistaken for ridges

-sen in normal aging

93
Q

can you work on ridged nails

A

-yes you can use ridge filler

94
Q

splinter hemorrhage and causes (3)

A
  • damage to capillaries under nail

-gives appearance of lengthwise small splinter underneath nail plate

-trauma/injury to nail bed

95
Q

what are nail techs governed under

A

governed under cosmetology law

96
Q

nail composition (2)

A

-keratin- fiber-shaped protein
- a hard keratin-B

97
Q

factors affecting nail growth (3)

A
  • nutrition

-exercise

-persons general health

98
Q

can products make a nail grow thicker ? (2)

A

-no matrix would need to grow bigger

-shape and thickness of nail plate depends on matrix size and shape

99
Q

how much does a nail grow in a month

A

1/10 - 1/8

100
Q

what season do nails grow faster

A

summer

101
Q

who’s nails grow faster

A

children

102
Q

what finger grows the fastest and slowest

A

-middle finger =fastest

-thumb = slowest

103
Q

what nails grow slower and thicker

A

-toes

104
Q

process of nail growth (4)

A
  1. matrix cells are produced
  2. matrix cells produce other cells that become the nail plate
  3. nerves, lymph and blood cells nourish matrix
  4. as long as its nourished cells will continue to produce
105
Q

why are manicures an important service to learn (4)

A
  • appearance of nails are visual assessment in society
  • fashion continuously changing - stay up to date with techniques and trends
  • due to health, some cannot maintain own nails

-clients love relaxation and pampering

106
Q

what can a nail tech not do in their scope of practice (3)

A
  • diagnose
  • provide treatment for disorder/diseases
  • perform other services unlicensed/certified
107
Q

what PPE do we wear

A

-gloves
-safety glasses
-mask

108
Q

what equipment do we use in service (8)

A

-manicure table/pedicure chair

-lamp

-chairs

-finger bowl/footbath

-disinfection container/dirty bin

-arm cushion

-covered trashed can

-supply tray/table

109
Q

what disposable implements are used in service (5)

A
  • orange wood stick
  • cotton balls

-4x4 pads

  • nail file

-nail buffer

110
Q

what metal implements are used in service (4)

A
  • metal pushers

-cuticle nippers

-nail clippers

-excavator

111
Q

how do we clean acetone and why

A
  • soak up with cotton and throw away in covered trash can

-flammable

112
Q

how does cuticle remover work

A

dissolves dead skin on nail plate

113
Q

why do we use base coat

A

creates adhesive for polish to nail plate

114
Q

what grit nail file do we use

A

180 hand

240 feet

115
Q

tinea manis (4)

A
  • ringworm of hand

-contains tiny blisters

-dark red to pink

-gets confused as eczema and dermatitis

116
Q

can you service Tinea Manis

A

no very contagious

refer to doctor

117
Q

tinea pedis

A

-ringworm of the foot

  • aka athletes foot

-fungal- thrives in dark mist places

-itchy, peeling, may look dry and blistering

-in between toes and bottom of foot

118
Q

can you service Tinea Pedis

A

no very contagious

refer

nail fundamentals (3 decks)

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