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Microbiology > Anaerobic Organisms > Flashcards

Anaerobic Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli

A

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium tetani

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2
Q

Gram Negative Bacilli

A

Bacteroides fragilis group
Campylobacter ureolyticus
Fusobacterium mortiferum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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3
Q

Gram Positive Rods

A

Actinomyces israelii
Bifidobacterium
Eggerthella lentum/Eubacterium
Lactobacillus
Cutibacterium acnes
Propionibacterium species

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4
Q

Gram Positive Cocci

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Peptoniphilus species

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5
Q

Gram Negative Cocci

A

Veillonella

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6
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

Grow aerobically and anaerobically

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7
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Only grow anaerobically

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8
Q

Strict Obligate Anaerobes

A

Cannot tolerate more than 0.5% O2

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9
Q

Moderate Obligate Anaerobes

A

Tolerate 2-8% O2
Most clinically significant anaerobes are here

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10
Q

Aerotolerante Anaerobes

A

Grow poorly in ambient air (approx. 21% O2)

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11
Q

Exogenous Disease

A

Caused by organisms from outside the body
Spore or toxins enter through body

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12
Q

Endogenous Disease

A

Caused by host’s normal flora

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13
Q

Most Common Organsims

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Clostridiium perfringens
Anaerobic cocci

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14
Q

Types of Specimen

A

Aspirates
Swabs
Tissue
Blood

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15
Q

Aspirates

A

Small volumes
May be injected into oxygen-free transport
PRAS - ideal transport media

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16
Q

Swabs

A

Oxygen-free swabs should be used

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17
Q

Tissue

A

Small pieces of tissue can be placed into Oxygen-freen transport media

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18
Q

Blood

A

Culture bottles that support anaerobic growth

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19
Q

Anaerobic Blood Agar Plate

A

Growth of virtually all obligate and facultative anaerobes

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20
Q

BBE (Bacteroides Bile Esculin)

A

Supports growth of bile-tolerant organisms (specifically Bacteroides)

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21
Q

KVLB (Kanamycin-Vancomycin-Laked Blood)

A

Supports of growth of Bacteroides and Prevotella species

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22
Q

PEA (Phenylethyl alcohol)

A

Growth of facultative GP organisms

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23
Q

Thioglycollate

A

Growth of all types of bacteria
Obligate aerobes and microaerophiles near the top
Obligate anaerobes at the bottom
Facultative anaerobes throughout

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24
Q

Cooked Meat

A

Same as Thioglycollate

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25
Q

CCFA (Cycloserin-cefoxitin-fructose agar)

A

Isolation of C. difficle
(turns yellow)

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26
Q

Antibiotic Common Disks

A

Vancomycin
Colistin
Kanamycin

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27
Q

Lecinthinase

A

Tests for degrading lecithin to insoluble diglycerides
Positive reaction is white, opaque zone around growth

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28
Q

Lipase

A

Tests for degrading triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids
Positive reaction is a pearly, iridescent sheen

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29
Q

EYA (Egg Yolk Agar)

A

Used for detection of Lecithinase and Lipase

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30
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Most frequently isolated

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31
Q

Clostidium perfringens causes

A

Bacteremia
Cellulitis
Intra-abdominal abscesses
Female genital tract infections
Gas gangrene
Myonecrosis

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32
Q

Clostridium perfringens identification

A

Complete hemolysis zone: Theta-toxin
Partial hemolysis zone: Phospholipase C
Lecinthinase Positive
Reverse CAMP Positive

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33
Q

Clostridioides difficile

A

Normal flora in 30% neonates and 3-5% in healthy adults
Only toxigenic strains cause disease
Produce toxins A and B

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34
Q

Clostridioides difficile causes

A

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis

35
Q

Clostridioides difficile identification

A

Spores are subterminal
CCFA - yellow, ground-glass appearance
Fluoresce Chartreuse
EIA for Toxin A and Toxin B
PCR

36
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Found in soil and water
Can contaminate food and wounds

37
Q

Clostridium botulinum causes

A

Botulisum
Neurotoxins which cause descending flaccid paralysis

38
Q

Infant Botulism

A

Young children ingest the organism (usually via honey)
Floppy Baby Syndrome

39
Q

Clostridium botulinum identification

A

Clinical labs are not equipped to culture or detect the toxin
Send to reference labs (stools, food items, serum, wound material)

40
Q

Clostridium speticum

A

Associated with leukemia, lymphoma, and large bowel carcinoma

41
Q

Clostridium septicum causes

A

Muscle necrosis
Bacteremia

42
Q

Clostridium septicum identification

A

Beta-hemolytic with rhizoid margin
Spores are subterminal
Lecinthinase Positive
Lipase Negative
Indole Negative
Esculin Positive

43
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Found in soil and intestinal tracts of many animals
Enters through wound

44
Q

Clostridium tetani causes

A

Tetanus
Neuortoxin that causes severe muscle spasms

45
Q

Clostridium tetani identification

A

Swarming colony
Spores are terminal

46
Q

Clostridium sordellii causes

A

Gas gangrene
Myonecrosis
Associated with black tar heroin

47
Q

Clostridium sordellii

A

Produces 7 exotoxins
Lethal and hemorrhagic are the most virulent

48
Q

Clostridium sordellii identification

A

Spores are subterminal
Translucent to opaque colony with mottled appearance
Lecinthinase Positive
Lipase Negative
Indole Positive
Urea Positive

49
Q

Actinomyces species

A

Inhabit surfaces of human and animal mucosa
Actinomyces israelii is most common

50
Q

Actinomyces species causes

A

Infection of head, neck, chest, and abdomen
Women with intrauterine devices are at increased risk for pelvic infections
Lesions are suppurative and form draining sinus tracts

51
Q

Actinomyces species identification

A

Pus can be examined for sulfur granules
Straight to slightly curved rod
Partial Acid Fast Negative
Nitrate Positive
Catalase Negative

52
Q

Cutibacterium acnes

A

Part of normal micro flora
Opportunistic infection

53
Q

Cutibacterium acnes causes

A

Infections of skin, conjunctiva, bone, joints, and central nervous system
Associated with surgical procedures or foreign bodies such as prosthetic valves and devices
Endocarditis
Surgical wounds
Prosthetic Wound

54
Q

Cutibacterium acnes identification

A

Catalase Positive
Indole Positive

55
Q

Propionibacterium species

A

Catalase Positive
Indole Negative

56
Q

Eggerthella/Eubacterium species

A

Found in the mouth and intestinal tract
Eggerthella lenta is most commonly isolated

57
Q

Eggerthella/Eubacterium identification

A

Pleomorphic GPB
Catalase Negative
Indole Negative
Nitrate Negative
** E. lenta is Nitrate Positive **

58
Q

Bifidobacterium species

A

Found as part of endogenous microflora
Commonly found in mouth and intestinal tract

59
Q

Bifidobacterium species causes

A

Opportunistic pathogen

60
Q

Bifidobacterium species identification

A

GPCB or long branching rods
Catalase Negative
Indole Negative
Nitrate Negative
Bile Esculin Positive

61
Q

Lactobacillus species

A

Normal biota in human mouth, GI tract, and female genital tract

62
Q

Lactobacillus species causes

A

Endocarditis

63
Q

Clinically significant GPC

A

Finegoldia magna
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Parvimonas micra

64
Q

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

A

Susceptible to SPS (Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate)

65
Q

Peptoniphilus species

A

Resistant to SPS
Indole Positive

66
Q

Bacteroides fragilis group

A

60% of all anaerobic infections
Resistant to antimicrobial agents

67
Q

Bacteroides fragilis group identification

A

Kanamycin Resistant
Vancomycin resistant
Colistin Resistant
Bile Resistant

68
Q

Campylobacter ureolyticus causes

A

Periodontal disease
Serious infections of head and neck

69
Q

Campylobacter ureolyticus identification

A

Pit the agar
Kanamycin Susceptible
Colistin Susceptible
Vancomycin Resistant
Bile Susceptible
Catalase Negative
Indole Negative
Nitrate Positive

70
Q

Prevotella species

A

pigmented or non-pigmented
GNCB

71
Q

Prevotella species identification

A

Kanamycin Resistant
Vancomycin Resistant
Bile Susceptible
Fluoresce Red

72
Q

Porphyromonas species

A

Requires hemin and vitamin K for growth
Kanamycin Resistant
Colistin Resistant
Vancomycin Susceptible
Bile Susceptible
Indole Positive

73
Q

Fusobacterium species

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium mortiferum

74
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum

A

Most commonly isolated species

75
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum identification

A

Bread crumb-like colony
Fluoresces Chartreuse
Bile Susceptible
Indole Positive
Lipase Negative

76
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum causes

A

LeMeirres Disease
Jugular vein thrombosis
Patient is young adult
Sore throat lasting more than 2 weeks with negative strep

77
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum identification

A

Fluoresce Chartreuse
Indole Positive
Bile Susceptible
Lipase Positive

78
Q

Veillonella species

A

Rarely isolated
GNC

79
Q

Veillonella species identification

A

Nitrate Positive
Fluoresce Red
Bile Susceptible
Kanamycin Susceptible
Colistin Susceptible
Vancomycin Resistant

80
Q

Clostridium sporogenes

A

Lipase Positive

81
Q

Clostridium novyi A

A

Lecthinase Positive
Lipase Positive

82
Q

Clostridium limosum

A

Lecthinase Positive
Lipase Negative
Spot Indole Negative
Gelatin hydrolysis Positive

83
Q

Clostridium barati

A

Lecthinase Positive
Lipase Negative
Spot Indole Negative
Gelatin hydrolysis Negative

84
Q

Clostridium bifermentans

A

Lecthinase Positive
Lipase Negative
Spot Indole Positive
Urease Negative

Microbiology (9 decks)

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