Chapter 9: New Industries, New Politics Flashcards
1
Q
Cotton Gin
A
- invented in 1794
- takes the picked cotton and pulls out the seeds
- designed by Eli Whitney
- allowed inexpensive processing of cotton and led to an industrial boom
2
Q
Blackbelt
A
- the cotton-growing region that was developed in the early 1800s, stretching from Georgia through Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana named for its rich black soil
3
Q
Erie Canal
A
- created in 1825
- flowed from Buffalo to Albany, connecting Hudson River to the Great Lakes, and gave farmers all along its route new ways to be part of a global economic system of trade
- 565 feet of elevation change, 83 locks, stretches 365 mi
4
Q
Era of Good Feelings
A
- the period from 1817 to 1823 during Monroe’s presidency in which the federal party fades away so the Democratic-Republicans govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony
5
Q
Missouri Compromise
A
- a compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state as well as prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory above 36’30’’ north latitude
- James Tallmadge, NY Senator, adds an amendment to Missouri charter that prohibits the introduction of new slaves and a process to free existing slaves
- tensions growing between northern abolitionists and southern slave owners
6
Q
American System
A
- program of government subsidies created by Henry Clay to improve roads and canals and to foster economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition
- included having protective tariffs for new industrial corporations, a 2nd national bank to provide a national currency
7
Q
Whig Party
A
- forms around ideas of the American System with John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay at the forefront
- first known as the National Republicans in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats
8
Q
The Election of 1824
A
- corrupt bargain!
- JQA, William Crawford, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun & Andrew Jackson
- 1st election w widespread male suffrage
- popular appeal becomes a factor in election
- no one will earn majority vote, throwing election into HOR, where Henry Clay has a great influence as Speaker of House in favor of Adams
9
Q
Democratic Party
A
- political party that favored states’ rights and a limited role for the fed. govt., especially in economic affairs
- Jackson
10
Q
John Marshall
A
- Dartmouth College v. Woodard: contract inviolability and federal authority of judicial review over state legislatures, creates sound foundation for growth of industry
- McCullough v. Maryland: federal govt. superiority over state govt.
- Marbury v. Madison
- Gibbons v. Ogden: Fed. government’s control over interstate commerce
11
Q
Spinning Jenny
A
- invented in 1764, could run multiple spindles, each spinning cotton into thread, up to 120 spindles at once
12
Q
James Watt
A
-
13
Q
Samuel Slater
A
- Englishman sworn to secrecy and apprenticed in Arkwright’s textile business who sailed to NY to bring the industry to the U.S. and recreated mechanical spinning in mills in RI
14
Q
Eli Whitney
A
- invented the cotton gin
- developed idea of interchangeable parts and rifle manufacturing
15
Q
Francis Cabot Lowell
A
- brought technology he learned in British mills to the U.S. by memory
- like slater, but was going to develop mills in Massachusetts
- brought with him the idea of a multishareholder corporation with limited liability
- Lowell, Massachusetts
- established the multiowner corporation that produced cotton fabric in a large factory that would be the heart of American manufacturing for the next century
