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Biology > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What’s osteogenesis imperfecta ?

A

A homeostatic imbalance that causes the bones to be brittle(too hard)due to lack of collagen & results in them breaking easily

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2
Q

What is osteomalacia ?

A

A disorder in which the bones are too soft and have insufficient hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

What’s the childhood disorder in which bones are too soft and have insufficient hydroxyapatite ?

A

Rickets

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4
Q

What is the scientific study of bones ?

A

Osteology

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5
Q

What is kyphosis ?

A

Hunchback

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6
Q

What is lordosis ?

A

Swayback

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7
Q

What is scoliosis ?

A

An abnormal lateral curve

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8
Q

The limb bones and their girdles comprise the ______ skeleton ?

A

Appendicular

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9
Q

What bone is located in the neck and doesn’t articulate with any other bone ?

A

The Hyoid

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10
Q

How many bones are typically in the adult skeleton ?

A

206

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11
Q

What’s another term for the spine ?

A

The vertebral column

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12
Q

Where’s the frontal bone ?

A

The forehead

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13
Q

What bone is behind the frontal bone ?

A

The 2 parietal bones

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14
Q

What are the 6 cranial bones ?

A

frontal bone
parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

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15
Q

What term refers to the spaces between unfused cranial bones during early development ?

A

Fontanelles

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16
Q

How many vertebrae are usually in the vertebral column of an adult ?

A

33

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17
Q

What are the two kinds of bone marrow ?

A

Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow

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18
Q

What is ossification ?

A

Bone formation

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19
Q

Spicules and trabeculae make up which kind of bone ?

A

Spongy Bone

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20
Q

What’s the name of the region of transition from cartilage to bone ?

A

Epiphyseal plate

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21
Q

What’s another term for the central canal ?

A

Haversian canal

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22
Q

If a bone is little used, which cells remove matrix and get rid of unnecessary mass ?

A

Osteoclasts

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23
Q

If a bone is heavily used or stress is constantly applied to a particular region of a bone , which cells deposit new osseous tissue & thicken it ?

A

Osteoblasts

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24
Q

Why does an athlete have higher bone density than a couch potato ?

A

Athletes place more stress on their bones which increases bone density

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25
Q

Which type of ossification forms the bones of the skull ?

A

Intramembranous

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26
Q

What’s mineral absorption ?

A

The process of dissolving bone; it releases minerals into the blood and makes them available for other uses

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27
Q

Which bone cells are responsible for bone reabsorption ?

A

Osteoclasts

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28
Q

Which type of bone growth is the only type of bone to occur in mature bone ?

A

Appositional growth

29
Q

What percentage of the adult body’s calcium is found in bones ?

A

99%

30
Q

How many grams of calcium does the adult body contain ?

A

About 1100g

31
Q

What does Wolff’s law of bone state ?

A

It states that the architecture of a bone is determined by the mechanical stress placed upon it so the bone adapts to withstand it

32
Q

What’s osteomalacia ?

A

The softening of bone in adults due to calcium depletion

33
Q

What are the two ions that are deposited by osteoblasts into the bone matrix ?

A

Calcium & phosphate

34
Q

Vitamin D, also known as ____, raises the blood calcium level.

A

Calcitriol

35
Q

What’s the name for low blood calcium ?

A

Hypocalcemia

36
Q

What’s PTH ?

A

Parathyroid hormone

37
Q

When is PTH secreted by the parathyroid glands ?

A

When the blood calcium level is low

38
Q

Calcitriol increases calcium absorption by the ____________.

A

Small intestine

39
Q

Which hormone promotes mineralization and lowers calcium levels due to high blood calcium ?

A

Calcitonin

40
Q

A low blood calcium level stimulates the release of which hormone ?

A

PTH (Parathyroid hormone) to raise the calcium levels

41
Q

What’s a fracture hematoma ?

A

The blood clot caused by broken blood vessels

42
Q

What’s osteomyelitis ?

A

An infection of the bone

43
Q

What’s osteoporosis ?

A

A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass & increased risk of fracture

44
Q

What does PTH do to blood calcium levels ?

A

Increase them

45
Q

Which hormones affect bone growth and development ?

A

Estrogen, testosterone, PTH, and Calcitonin

46
Q

What’s osteogenesis imperfecta ?

A

A defect in collagen deposition that makes bones very brittle

47
Q

What are the 6 cranial bones ?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal,sphenoid, ethmoid

48
Q

The sacrums forms the posterior wall of the _______.

A

Pelvic girdle

49
Q

What do the ribs help protect ?

A

The lungs and heart

50
Q

What bone does the upper limb brachium/brachial region contain ?

A

The humerus

51
Q

What’s another word for hip bones ?

A

Coxal Bones

52
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of ?

A

The 2 coxal bones and the sacrum

53
Q

Who has a larger pelvic inlet ? Males or females ? And why ?

A

Females for the passage of an infant’s head

54
Q

Which gender has a pubic arch that’s 90° and which has one of 120° ?

A

90°-males, 120°-women

55
Q

Which bone is directly behind the parietal bones ?

A

Occipital (back of head)

56
Q

True or false ? The hyoid bone is apart of the skull.

A

False.

57
Q

What is the one human bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the body ? Hint:Resembles Vampire Teeth

A

Hyoid

58
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect ?

A

The heart, lungs, & great blood vessels

59
Q

What bones does the appendicular skeleton include ?

A

The bones of the upper limbs, the bones of the lower limbs, the pelvic girdle,& the pectoral girdle

60
Q

What bones does the axial skeleton include ?

A

The spine, thoracic cage, and the skull

61
Q

How many bones are we born with, before bone fusion ?

A

About 270

62
Q

What is a foramen ?

A

A hole in the bone that allows passage for blood vessels and nerves leading to/from the brain

63
Q

What’s the term for the spaces between the unfused cranial bones ?

A

Fontanelles

64
Q

What’s the difference between cranial and facial bones ?

A

Cranial bones enclose the brain while facial bones form the lower anterior part of the skull.

65
Q

What’s an articulation ?

A

A point where two bones meet

66
Q

Which suture closes the two parietal bones ?

A

The saggital suture

67
Q

Where’s the lambdoid suture ?

A

Between the parietals and the occipital bone

68
Q

Where’s the coronal suture ?

A

Between the frontal bone and the parietals

69
Q

When compared with other fingers, what is the bone missing in the thumb ?

A

The middle phalanx

Biology (22 decks)

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