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Gero Exam 2 > CH 20: Reproductive System Health > Flashcards

CH 20: Reproductive System Health Flashcards

1
Q

effects of Aging on the Reproductive System in women

A

Hormonal changes _ vulva atrophy
Flattening of labia & loss of SQ fat and hair
Drier vaginal environment and thin vaginal epithelium _ uncomfortable intercourse
Atrophy of cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries atrophy
Uterus and ovaries decrease in size
Replacement of mammary glands by fat tissue _ Breasts sag and are less firm
Nipple retraction from shrinkage and fibrotic changes

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2
Q

Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System on men

A

Seminal vesicles have thinner epithelium _ Reduction in sperm count
Atrophy of testes _ decrease mass of testes
Slightly decreased testosterone
More time to achieve an erection and lost easily
Enlargement of the prostate gland

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3
Q

Reproductive System Health Promotion

A

Annual gynecologic exam for women
Women > 65 with 3 normal PAPs don’t need a PAP test unless
they have HIV, immunocompromised, exposed to
diethylstilbestrol (DES) before birth, or cervical cancer
Men with prostatic hypertrophy get exams Q6months
PSA testing routinely for history of prostate CA
Self-breast and self-testicular exams monthly
Complete physical exam

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4
Q

Women: age related vulva disorders can lead to:

A

irritation and infection
indicates serious disease

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5
Q

what is vulvitits

A

inflammation of the labia majora and labia minora — the outer folds of the vulva and the parts of a woman’s genitals that are outside her body, rather than inside

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6
Q

causes of vulvitis

A

Poor hygiene and incontinence

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7
Q

s/s of vulvitis

A

pruritis
blisters
redness
swelling

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8
Q

tx of vulvitis

A

treat cause
good nutritional status
sitz baths
local application of saline compresses and
steroids
keep incontinent client clean and dry

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9
Q

vulvular cancer commonly diagnosed when

A

in the 70s
biopsy any mass of lesion

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10
Q

tx of vulvular cancer

A

radical vulvectomy
radiation (less
common)
counseling on sexual activity and body
image

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11
Q

reasons behind vaginitis

A

Increased fragility of vagina causes it to be more
irritated  increased risk of vaginitis

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12
Q

s/s of vaginitis

A

soreness
pruritis
burning
reddened vagina
foul-smelling discharge that is brown/clear/white

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13
Q

tx of vaginitis

A

local estrogens (with teaching on med
admin)

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14
Q

things the pt can do at home to avoid vaginitis

A
  • Avoid douches, perfumed soaps and spray to area
  • If using a douche, measure solution temp. first; altered
    sensory perception can cause injury
  • Wear cotton underwear
  • Keep genital area clean and dry
  • Use lubricants during sex
  • Good hygiene
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15
Q

prevalence of cancer of the vagina

A

half of cases in women >60

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16
Q

risk factors of cancer of the vagina

A

HPV
smoking
previous radiation therapy to vagina
hx of cervical cancer
DES

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17
Q

treatment for cancer of the vagina

A

radiation
therapy
chemo

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18
Q

signs of cervical cancer in aged women

A

Vaginal bleeding
leukorrhea
generally no pain

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19
Q

ACS suggested screening >65

A

had regular screen in the last 10 years can stop cervical screening if nothing found in last 20 years

20
Q

tx of cervical cancer

A

radium or surgery

21
Q

risk factors of endometrial cancer

A

late onset of periods
infertile
PCOS
obesity
family history
estrogen without progesterone use

22
Q

tx of endometrial cancer

A

surgery
radiation
prompt identification

23
Q

prevalence of ovarian cancer

A

increase after 60
most deadly when it occurs

24
Q

early nonspecific symptoms of ovarian cancer

A

GI discomfort
difficulty eating
bloating
constipation
abd pain

25
Q

late symptoms of ovarian cancer

A

vaginal discharge
bleeding
ascites
masses

26
Q

tx of ovarian cancer

A

surgery
chemo
hormone therapy
radiation

27
Q

Common problem from stretching and tearing of muscles at childbirth
and age-related changes

A

perineal herniation

28
Q

s/s of perineal herniation

A

lower back pain
pelvic heaviness
pulling sensation
incontinence x2
retention
constipation
difficulty with intercourse

29
Q

tx for perineal herniation

A

surgery

30
Q

painful intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

31
Q

cause of dyspareunia

A

hormonal changes
take measures to improve sexual satisfaction

32
Q

second leading cause of cancer death in women

A

brest cancer

33
Q

prevalence and screening for breast cancer

A
  • Get regular breast exams
  • Incidence increases with age
  • Older women are less likely to receive
    mammograms and breast exams
  • Women with average risk should have
    annual breast exams at 50
  • Mammograms annually for women 45-54
    and every other year or annually for women
    >55
34
Q

erectile dysfunction in older adults

A
  • Affects half of men >70
  • NOT a normal outcome of aging
  • Several causes
  • Be aware of contraindications with drugs for treatment
  • Ask specific questions to clarify symptoms
35
Q

tx of erectile dysfunction

A

oral erectile agents
drugs injected into the penis
penile implants
vacuum pumps
penile artery reconstruction

36
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia s/s

A

hesitancy
frequency
decreased force of urinary stream
nocturia
dribbling
overflow incontinence
bleeding
urinary retention  increased risk of UTI

37
Q

tx of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

prostatic massage
urinary antiseptics
TURP ( Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate)

  • Most common prostatectomy approach is transurethral
  • Care for client after TURP
38
Q

S/S of prostate cancer

A

hesitancy, frequency, decreased force of urinary stream,
nocturia, dribbling, overflow incontinence, bleeding, urinary
retention  increased risk of UTI
with mets  back pain,
anemia, weakness, weight loss

39
Q

how to detect prostate cancer

A

DRE
PSA
biopsy

40
Q

tx for prostate cancer

A

active surveillance
radical prostatectomy
radiation

41
Q

signs of tumors of the penis

A

rare
resembles a growth/wort leads to misdiagnosis
biopsy

42
Q

tx of tumors of the penis

A

radiation
local incision
partial/total
penile amputation

43
Q

signs of tumors of testes

A

testicular enlargement
pain
breast enlargement

44
Q

tx of tumors of testes

A

chemo
radiation
orchiectomy
Testicular self-exams

45
Q

tumors of scrotom

A

usually benign
come from hydrocele
spermatocele
hernia;

treat the underlying cause

Gero Exam 2 (11 decks)

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