MEDIEVAL THOUGHT Flashcards

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1
Q

SAINT AUGUSTINE was a rationalist, he strongly believed against?

A

against solipsism
(extreme idealism, cannot prove anything but your own mind exists)

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2
Q

What were the 2 key works of AVICENNA?
Islamic Golden Age

A

The Book of Healing is a scientific encyclopedia (covering logic, psychology, the natural sciences, arithmetic, astronomy and music)

The Canon of Medicine
historical medicine books

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3
Q

How did Thomas Aquinas’s view on the soul diverged from the Greeks?

A

He saw that mind and body are inextricably linked, whereas the Greeks saw the body as a cage for the soul.

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4
Q

Aquinas identified four broad faculties:

A

Vegetative soul

Sensitive soul

Rational soul

Appetitive powers: divided into
Sensitive
Rational

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5
Q

Who argued that the Rational Soul is subdivided into an Active and Passive intellect?

A

Thomas Aquinas

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6
Q

What 3 main concepts were introduced during the 1600’s?

A

Cartesian dualism
Alternative dualisms
Monism

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7
Q

What 2 examples did Descartes give as to why we should be sceptical of the world around us?

A

1 Descartes’ Dream:
We can doubt sense evidence
as its possible you could be dreaming

2 Descartes’ Demon:
We could be fooled by an evil demon

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8
Q

Name 3 forms of Dualism:

A

Epiphenomenalism
Occasionalism
Parallelism

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9
Q

What does Epiphenomenalism state about the mind?

A

Brain states causes mind states but they do not cause anything themselves

eg- Physical can cause mental issues but not the other way around

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10
Q

What does Occasionalism state about the Illusion of causality?

A

God causes 1 event first
(walking into a lampost)

Then God causes another event
(the pain you feel from the lampost)

But there is no necessary connection between the 2

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11
Q

What does Parallelism state about interactions?

A

God doesn’t interact at each step

Interactions are parallel meaning that they occur separately, without causal interference

Giving the appearance of an interaction

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12
Q

Name the 3 types relating to Monism:

A

Idealism
Materialism
Neutral Monism

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13
Q

Idealism

A

Only the mental stuff exists

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14
Q

Materialism

A

Only the physical stuff exists
The argument that the mind IS matter

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15
Q

Neutral Monism

A

Only stuff exists
Has both physical and mental aspects

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16
Q

Double Aspectism lies between M and D?

A

Monism and Dualism
substance has mental and physical aspects

1- if we perceive through our senses- matter
2- if we look within ourselves- thought

Pan-psychicism