Behaviourism Flashcards
What do these all fall under?
Philosophical antecedents
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Challenges to Radical Behaviourism
Behaviourism
What do these all fall under?
Basis for information processing of mind
The cognitive revolution
Cognitive Psychology
Psychophysical Parallelism
Mind and body occur together at the same time but
WITHOUT causal relationship (do not cause eachother)
Hedonism
Pleasurable associations are
more likely to be repeated
than unpleasant ones
(operant conditioning)
Voluntarism
Importance of voluntary action
in understanding experience/ learning
(freewill)
What are the 2 key challenges to behaviourism and radical behaviourism?
Challenges to a completely blank slate
Generality of learning principles
What principles form the basis of operant conditioning?
Laws of exercise and disuse
(learning and extinction)
Laws of effect
(action followed by positive
=increase in behaviour)
Who did this?
Start with a US (food) and UR (salivating)
Pair the US with a CS (e.g. bell)
Rough this pairing, CS produces CR without US
Ivan Pavlov
What were Watsons 3 distinguished behaviour types?
Somatic (hereditary) – habits, instinctive reactions
Somatic (acquired) – Habits
Visceral (acquired) – Emotions
Methodological, Psychological, and Philosophical behaviorism are all adopted by which type of behaviorism?
Radical behaviourism
B. Watson argued Psychology should go through a what shift?
Paradigm shift that makes it only the study of behaviour
What are the key intervening variables that explain behaviour according to the Hull and Drive Theory?
Reaction Potential (to a stimulus)
Habit strength – prior conditioning
Drive – extent of need to satisfy biological drive
What 3 objectives did Watson say Behaviourism must have?
Adjustment and maladjustment (to the environment)
Phylogenetic continuity (separate with other animals yet behave similar)
Determination (and control) of behaviour
Tolman, a Cognitive behaviouralist, argued that we can still learn in the absence of reinforcement.
What is this called?
Latent Learning
Skinner was a Radical behaviouralist.
What 2 things INCREASE the likelyhood of behaviour?
Positive Reinforcement (give good)
Negative Reinforcement
(remove bad)
