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~RADT A161 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

X-rays were discovered by:

A

Roentgen

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2
Q

The first ever x-ray was of:

A

A hand

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3
Q

Which factors if changed, change x-ray quantity?
(1) mAs
(2) kVp

A

1 and 2

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4
Q

Which factors affect x-ray quality?
(1) kVp
(2) mAs

A
  1. kVp
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5
Q

At a higher kilovoltage (kVp) the percentage of photoelectric interactions:
-Decreases
-Increases
-Does not change

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Which of the following tissue interactions is responsible for patient dose of ionizing radiation?

A

Photoelectric

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7
Q

Interaction between a projectile electron and the nucleus of the target atom

A

Bremsstrahlung interaction

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8
Q

Interaction between a projectile electron and an inner shell electron

A

Characteristic interaction

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9
Q

X-rays photons are produced at any projectile electron energy creating a continuous emission spectrum.

A

Bremsstrahlung interaction

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10
Q

Interaction creates a discrete emission spectrum.

A

Characteristic interaction

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11
Q

Requires at least 70 kVp.

A

Characteristic interaction

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12
Q

In the diagnostic range, most X-ray are created from the _____.

A

Bremsstrahlung interaction

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13
Q

the energy of the primary beam (quality or quantity)

A

x-ray quality

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14
Q

the number of X-rays in the primary beam (quality or quantity)

A

x-ray quantity

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15
Q

T/F: interactions in the x-ray tube that produce x-rays occur at the atomic level, and the nature of the x-ray photon produced depends on how an electron interacts with an atom

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: interactions between the x-ray photons and the human body occur at the atomic level, determining both the radiation dose delivered and how the body part will be imaged

A

True

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17
Q

T/F: x-ray photons interact at the atomic level of the image receptor to generate the manifest image.

A

True

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18
Q

The shift of the characteristic x-ray spectrum to higher energy occurs because of [x] in kVp.

A

an increase

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19
Q

The probability of the incident photon having a Compton scattering interaction is influenced principally by:
-the atomic number of the tissue
-energy of the incident photon
-both the atomic number of the tissue and the energy of the incident photon.

A

The energy of the incident photon

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20
Q

The photoelectric effect is principally associated with the [absorption/ scattering] of an x-ray photon.

A

Absorption

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21
Q

The percentage of Compton interaction [x] with increasing energy (higher kVp) of the incident x-ray photon.

A

Increases

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22
Q

The Compton interaction involves outer shell electrons due to their [x] binding energy.

A

Low

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23
Q

In reference to target interactions, only kVp settings of [x] or greater will produce K characteristic photons

A

70

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24
Q

Increasing kVp [z] x-ray beam quality.

A

Increases

25
Q

In the characteristic interaction, a [a] interacts with an anode atom.

A

Filament electron

26
Q

In order to remove an inner shell orbital electron, the filament electron must have kinetic energy [x] than the binding energy of the electron with which it interacts

A

greater

27
Q

Changes in kVp have a/an [direct/indirect] effect on beam quality and penetrability.

A

Direct

28
Q

Beam [z] refers to the energy level or penetrability of the x-ray beam.

A

Quality

29
Q

After Compton scattering, the scattered x-ray has [less/more] energy than it had before the interaction.

A

less

30
Q

The photoelectric interaction is an interaction with [o].

A

an inner-shell electron

31
Q

T/F: A change in mA changes the number of electrons flowing from the cathode to the anode.

A

True

32
Q

T/F: A change in mA changes the kinetic energy of electrons flowing from cathode to anode.

A

False

33
Q

X-ray transmission decreases, which also means that the x-ray beam becomes [more/less] penetrating

A

Less

34
Q

a decrease of intensity of the x-ray beam

A

Attenuation

35
Q

varies the size of the radiation field

A

collimator

36
Q

stops a moving part in a specific location

A

Detent

37
Q

Unseen image

A

latent image

38
Q

Seen image

A

manifest image

39
Q

surrounds x-ray tube, lead lined

A

tube housing

40
Q

source of x-rays

A

x-ray tube

41
Q

direction and location of radiation; predictable and controllable

A

Primary radiation

42
Q

Radiation difficult to control

A

scatter radiation

43
Q

pattern creates the x-ray image

A

exit radiation

44
Q

squared area of the x-ray beam that strikes the patient

A

radiation field

45
Q

beam that is unattenuated

A

primary

46
Q

what remains of the beam after it has been attenuated

A

remnant

47
Q

travels in all directions from the patient

A

scatter

48
Q

area of radiation protection (where does the technologist go to make the exposure?)

A

Control booth

49
Q

Anatomic structures that do not readily transmit x-rays are called [z].

A

Radiopaque

50
Q

Anatomic structures that readily transmit x-rays have a [x] atomic number.

A

low

51
Q

Decreasing tissue atomic number [x] beam attenuation.

A

Increases

52
Q

Increasing kVp [z] transmission.

A

Increases

53
Q

Differential absorption is the difference between those x-rays that are absorbed and those that are [z].

A

Transmitted

54
Q

[z] refers to x-rays leaving the patient that did not interact with atoms as it passed through the patient.

A

Transmission

55
Q

What is the source of energy that results in characteristic photons?

A

Potential energy of the electron filling the vacancy

56
Q

The attenuation of x-rays occurs:

A

Exponentially

57
Q

As kVp increase, the
1. wavelength is shorter
2. wavelength is longer
3. more of the beam is in the higher energy range (in regards to the primary beam spectrum)

A

1 and 3

58
Q

An x-ray beam is heterogeneous, this means

A

the beam consists of different energy levels

~RADT A161 (14 decks)

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