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Business Studies EDEXCEL IGSCE > Business Operations: Unit 43 - 45 > Flashcards

Business Operations: Unit 43 - 45 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. what are the 5 advantages of technological improvements ? 4 disadvantages?
A

ADVANTAGES:
- Greater productivity
- Greater job satisfaction for workers as routine and boring jobs are now done by
machines.
-As workers are offered to develop the skills, workers are motivated and therefore the
quality of their work improves
- Better quality of their products and better production methods result in better quality
control
✓ New products are introduced. The market and tastes of the consumer have changed.

DISADVANTAGES:
- Unemployment arises as machines replace people in the factory
- It is expensive to invest in, which also increases the risk as large quantities of
products are sold to cover the cost of purchasing the equipment
- Employees are unhappy with the changes in their work practices when the new
technology is introduced
- New technology is changing all the time and will often become outdated quite quickly
and need to be replaced if the business is to remain competitive.

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2
Q
  1. What are the two examples of usage of technological improvements in the primary sector?
A
  • the use of pesticides and chemicals to improve crop quantities. (GM) modified crops,
  • the use of tractors, mechanical harvesters, grain drying and automatic feeding systems.
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3
Q
  1. what are the 3 types of robots used in the secondary sector?
A
  • material handling robots (used to transport goods, parts or stock from place to place)
  • processing operations robots (they perform a specific task fitted with a specialized tool to perform tasks)
  • assembly line robots (usually perform a single task on assembly lines)
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4
Q
  1. What are the good features of new technology?(3)
A
  • flexible.
    -sophisticated.
  • highly efficient.
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5
Q
  1. what are the 4 examples of new technology?
A

-Computer-aided design (CAD)
- Computer numerically controlled machines. (CNCs)
- Computer-aided manufacturing. (CAM)
- Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM)

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6
Q
  1. What is CAD?(Computer-Aided- Design)
A
  • use computers to design products.
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7
Q
  1. What are CNCs?( Computer Numerically Controlled Machines)
A
  • machines that carry out the instructions fed by computers.
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8
Q
  1. What is CAM?( Computer Aided Manufacturing)
A
  • where computers link and control the design and production of goods in manufacturing.
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9
Q
  1. What is CIM?( Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
A
  • use of computer to control the entire production process.
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10
Q

What is EPOS?
What is EFTPOS

A

EPOS (ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE) this is used at checkouts where the operator scans the bar code for each item individually and prints receipts
EFTPOS (ELETRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER POINT OF SALE) This is where the
electronic cash register is connected to the retailer’s main computer to also to banks over a wide area computing network. When the shopper’s card is swiped the money is transferred to the retailer’s account

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11
Q
  1. Give examples of how technology is used in:
    a. Financial services
    b. Marketing
    c. Advertising
    d. Retailing
    e. Leisure industry
    f. administration and communication
    d. e commerce.
A

a. the use of ATM machines and EFTPOS.
b. IT for data gathering.
c. advertising. using the latest film technology and own websites.
d. retailing: EFTPOS and EPOS, save time.
e. allows people to travel without a ticket. flights are booked using the internet.
f. IT reduces the cost of administration and communication.
d. use of electronic systems to buy and sell products using the internet (B2C).

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12
Q
  1. What are the 6 benefits of new technology?
A
  • New products provide more choice.
  • Higher productivity and lower costs.
  • Less waste of resources.
  • improved health and safety.
  • Tasks are easier for workers.
  • Improved communications
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13
Q
  1. What are the 6 costs of new technology?
A
  • High setup and purchase costs.
  • Technology breakdowns can be expensive.
  • Job losses may cause conflict and distress.
  • Existing staff may need to be retrained.
  • Reducing motivation for machine workers
  • Loss of flexibility.
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14
Q
  1. What are the factors of production(term)?
A
  • resources used to produce goods and services .
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15
Q
  1. What are the 4 factors of production?
A
  • Land
  • Labor
  • Capital
  • Enterprise
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16
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of capital? define.
A
  • Working/ circulating capital:- refers to stocks of raw materials and components that will be used up in production.
  • Fixed capital- stock of human-made resources such as machines and tools used to help make goods and services.
17
Q
  1. What is enterprise?
A

the activity of starting up and running a business.

18
Q
  1. What is fixed capital?
A

Fixed capital- stock of human-made resources such as machines and tools used to help make goods and services.

19
Q
  1. What is the division of labor?
A
  • specialization in specific tasks or skills by an individual.
20
Q
  1. What are the 4 reasons the division of labor will increase productivity?
A
  • workers concentrate on the task that they do best.
  • workers’ skills improve as they regularly repeat the same task.
  • time is saved because workers are not switching from one task to another.
  • the organization of production is easier.
21
Q
  1. What is capital-intensive production? labor intensive production?
A

-

22
Q
  1. What are the 2 factors that may affect the best source of production?
A
  • the type of product
  • the relative prices of the 2 factors
23
Q
  1. What are the 4 advantages? 4 disadvantages of capital-intensive production?
A

AD:- generally more cost-effective if large quantities are produced.
- machinery is often more precise and consistent.
- machinery can operate 24/7
- machinery is easier to manage than people.

DIS:- huge set-up costs
- Long delays may occur when there is a breakdown.
- maybe inflexible (highly specialised)
- may leave the workforce facing redundancy and effect morale.

24
Q
  1. What are the 4 advantages? 4 disadvantages of labor-intensive production?
A

AD:- more flexible than capital.
- cheaper for more small-scale production
- cheaper for large-scale production when labor is cheap.
- people are creative and can solve problems and make improvements.

DIS:- are more difficult to manage.
- people can be unreliable. (sick or leave)
- people need breaks and holidays.
- people sometimes need to be motivated to improve performance.

25
Q

30 How is the relationship between enterprise, capital, and labor changed? (4)

A

-made more business capital intensive.
- most jobs require employees to use machines, computers
-large scale of production.
- a greater division of labor.
- manufacturing becomes more specialized.

26
Q
  1. What is quality?
A
  • features of a product that allow it to satisfy customers’ needs.
27
Q
  1. what are the 3 reasons for quality?
A
  • improves quality due to increased competition.
  • government legislation designed to protect consumers has forced firms to improve quality.
  • faulty products are costly for a business.
28
Q
  1. what are 3 ways of checking the quality of the product?
A
  • Quality control
  • Quality assurance
  • Total Quality Management
29
Q
  1. What are the aspects needed to determine the of a quality product? (5)
A
  • customer service
  • physical appearance
    -reliability and durability
  • suitability
  • special features
30
Q
  1. What is quality control?
A
  • making sure that the quality of a product meets specified quality standards.
31
Q
  1. What are the 5 objectives of traditional quality control?
A
  • satisfy consumers’ needs
  • operate in a way they should.
  • can be produced cost effectively.
  • can be repaired easily
    -meet safety standards set down by legislation.
32
Q
  1. What is quality assurance?
A
  • working methods that take into account customers’ wants when standardizing quality.
33
Q
  1. What is total quality management?
A
  • Is the continuous improvement of products and processes by focusing on quality at each stage
    of production.
  • managerial approach that focuses on quality and aims to improve the effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness of a business.
34
Q
  1. what are the 6 features of total quality management?
A
  • quality chains (every supplier and customer is linked like a chain.)
  • everyone is involved. (every department is focused on quality)
  • quality audits(statistical data is used to monitor quality standards. the checks and audits aim to reduce variation)
  • teamwork (have more skills and knowledge)
  • customer focused
  • zero defects (zero defects policy)
35
Q
  1. What are the 5 benefits of total quality management? 4 disadvantages of total quality management?
A

Benefits:
- the focus is on customer needs
- quality improved in all aspects of business
- waste and inefficiencies removed
- helps develop ways of measuring performance.
- improves communication and problem-solving.

DISADVANTAGES:
- high training and implementation costs.
- will only work if everyone is committed.
- maybe bureaucratic(lots of documents).
- focus is on process, not product.

36
Q
  1. What is a certificate that approves of the product quality? quality standard?
    give 4 advantages of it.
A
  • ISO 9000 certification
    BENEFIT:
  • Consumers will know that the company follows international quality procedures
    hence good publicity for the company.
  • This will lead to an increase in sales both locally and overseas.
  • Other shareholders such as suppliers would like to do business with ISO 9000
    company.
  • ISO 9000 company will attract the best employees in the industry.
37
Q
  1. What is unique selling point?
A
  • a feature of a product that no other similar products have, used in advertising to try to persuade people to buy it.
38
Q
  1. What are the 3 importance of quality?
A
  • Increased competition has forced firms to improve quality.
  • Government legislation designed to protect consumers has forced firms to
    improve quality.
  • Faulty products are very costly to the business.

Business Studies EDEXCEL IGSCE (13 decks)

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