Lecture 3. Anatomy of the Nervous System

Question 1

A complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain to the spinal cord to various parts of the body

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Relevance of Nervous System to Psychology

Answer 2

to understand behavior, one must understand how the brain works. it is necessary to understand what it is, how it works, and how they are connexted to operate with one another

Question 3

Highly specialised cells in the NS that is responsible for conduction, reception and transmission of electrochemical signals

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

3 classes of neurons acc. to structure

Answer 4

unipolar, bipolar and multipolar

Question 5

Neuron with one process extending from its cell body

Answer 5

Unipolar Neurons

Question 6

Location of Unipolar Neurons

Answer 6

afferent division of PNS

Question 7

pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 7

if the axon extending from its cell body splits into two branches

Question 8

neurons with two processes extending frim its cell body

Answer 8

Bipolar Neurons

Question 9

Two Processes of Bipolar Neurons

Answer 9

Dendrite and Axon

Question 10

Bipolar Neurons are also sensory neurons found in?

Answer 10

Olfactory Epithelium and retina of the eye

Question 11

Neuron with more than two processes extending from its cell body

Answer 11

Multipolar Neurons

Question 12

Processes in Multipolar Neurons

Answer 12

has a single axon and multiple dendrites

Question 13

Example of Multipolar Neurons

Answer 13

Purkinje Cell

Question 14

Classes of Neurons Acc. to Function

Answer 14

Sensory or Afferent Neurons, Motor or Efferent Neurons, Interneurons

Question 15

Transmit neurons from sensory receptors in the skin, or internal organs towards CNS for processing

Answer 15

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

Question 16

Transmit neurons away from CNS towards some type of effector

Answer 16

Motor Neurons or Efferent Neurons

Question 17

Neurons with a short axon or no axon at all located between sensory and motor pathways, and highly involved in signal integration

Answer 17

Interneurons

Question 18

A selectively permeable or semipermeable membrane that encloses the neuron

Answer 18

Neuron Cell Membrane

Question 19

Neuron Cell Membrane is also know as and consists of?

Answer 19

A phospholipid bilayer that consists of hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.

Question 20

What is embedded in the lipid bilayer in neuron cell membrane?

Answer 20

Protein molecules

Question 21

What are the protein molecules embedded in lipid bilayer?

Answer 21

Channel Protein - facilitates the transport of substabces across a cell membrane

Signal Protein - transfers a signal to the inside of the neuron when a particular molecule bind to them on the outside of the membrane

Question 22

metabolic center of neuron

Answer 22

Cell Body

Question 23

Cell Body is also known as

Answer 23

Soma

Question 24

Cell body contains

Answer 24

nucleus and other important organelles

Question 25

This contains nucleolus and chromosomes, necessary for coded production of proteins within the cell

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

Short processes that emanate from the cell body which receives most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons

Answer 26

Dendrites

Question 27

The cone shaped region at the junctuon between the axon and cell body

Answer 27

Axon Hillock

Question 28

Long narrow processes that projects from the cell body and responsible for generating and transmitting nerve impulses

Answer 28

Axon

Question 29

fatty insulated layer or sheath that forms around the axon which increases the speed of signals transmitted between neurons

Answer 29

myelin sheath

Question 30

the gaps between sections of myelin facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses

Answer 30

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 31

A button like ending of axon branches; specialized to release the neurotransmitters of presynaptic cell

Answer 31

Buttons or Axon Terminal

Question 32

The gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted

Answer 32

Synapses

Question 33

10 External Structures of Neuron

Answer 33

1. Neuron Cell Membrane
2. Cell Body
3. Nucleus
4. Dendrites
5. Axon Hillock
6. Axon
7. Myelin Sheath
8. Nodes of Ranvier
9. Buttons or Axon Terminal
10. Synapses

Question 34

spherical DNA containing structure of the cell bodu

Answer 34

Nucleus

Question 35

sites of aerobics (oxygen-consuming) energy release

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

Clear internal fluid of the cell

Answer 36

Cytoplasm