LC 1 - neuroanatomy

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

o Somatic
 Afferent - sensory
 Efferent - motor

o Autonomic
 Afferent
 Efferent – sympathetic &
parasympathetic

Question 3

exclusive PNS cells

Answer 3

o 3 types of neurons that are in PNS not in CNS
 Para- Sympathetic chain ganglia
 Enteric neural system has neurons
 Dorsal root ganglia also has neurons (sensory)

o PNS glia  Schwann cells

Question 4

primary brain vesicles

Answer 4

1. prosencephalon
2. mesencephalon
3. rhombencephalon

Question 5

secondary brain vesicles

Answer 5

1. telencephalon –> cerebrum
2. diencephalon –> thalamus, hypo, etc
3. mesencephalon –> midbrain
4. metencephalon –> pons, cerebellum
5. myelencephalon –> medulla

Question 6

origin of PNS and spinal cord

Answer 6

PNS= neural crest cells
spinal cord = caudal neural tube

Question 7

meninges

Answer 7

1. Dura mater = outer layer (below the scull), tough, inflexible, surrounds the brain and spinal cord
2. Arachnoid membrane = intermediate layer, web like, surrounds brain and spinal cord, not in sulci
3. subarachnoid space with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
4. Pia mater = thin layer with blood vessels, adheres everywhere to the surface of the brain including fissures

Question 8

structure of cortex (morphology)

Answer 8

gyri (coils), sulci (grooves), fissures (deep grooves)

Question 9

spinal blood flow

Answer 9

aorta gives rise to intercostal arteries –> spinal branch –> ant. and post spinal arteries

great medullary vein gives rise to post. and ant. spinal veins

Question 10

brodmann

Answer 10

areas 1-3: somatosensory
area 4: primary motor cortex
areas 17, 18: primary visual
areas 41, 42: primary auditory
44, 45: language production

Question 11

midbrain

Answer 11

• tectum
• tegmentum
• red nucleus
• substantia nigra
• cerebral aquaduct
• colliculi (dorsal)
• pendunculi (ventral)

Question 12

cerebellum

Answer 12

• 75% of ALL neurons are here - cerebellar granule cells
• purkinje cells –> output (1 layer, big cells long axons)
• motor control (coordination, precision, timing)
• hemispheres and vermis in the middle
• gyrus = folium

Question 13

brain stem

Answer 13

• fourth ventricle
• pyramidal tract
• olive (olivary nucleus - motor control)
• pontine nuclei
• reticular formation (includes raphe nucleus) - no nuclei but a netwrok that extends thoughout the brainstem and midbrain (many functions)
• vestibular nuclei
• etc. more nuclei per task

Question 14

spinal cord

Answer 14

1. cervical 7
2. thoracic 12
3. lumbar 5
4. sacrum
5. coccyx
   - covered by meninges
   - every segment has 4 roots (2 dorsal/ 2 ventral)
   - grey inside, white outside