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History GCSE Elizabethan England > 1.4 The problem of Mary, Queen of Scots > Flashcards

1.4 The problem of Mary, Queen of Scots Flashcards

1
Q

What date was MQS born?

A

8th December 1542

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1
Q

How old was MQS when she became Queen of Scotland?

A

6 days old

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2
Q

Who was MQS’ parents?

A

Mary of Guise (French noble family)
James V

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3
Q

Why did Mary of Guise rule Scotland?

A

MQS was in France with her husband, King Francis II.

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4
Q

Who defeated Mary of Guise in 1560?

A

Elizabeth I and Scotland’s Protestant Lords

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5
Q

Why did the Scottish Protestant Lords rebel?

A

They did not like the French, Catholic influence brought by Mary of Guise.

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6
Q

Why did Elizabeth wary of sending help? Why did she end up doing it?

A

Helping a rebellion may result in the deposing of an anointed monarch. However, she was under constant threat meaning MQS could take the throne.

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7
Q

In what way did Elizabeth support the rebellion?

A

She sent money in secret and then eventually sent troops.

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8
Q

What does it mean when holy oil is applied to a monarch during the coronation (the most important part of the ceremony)?

A

To be anointed

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9
Q

When did the rebellion end and how?

A

1560, with the Treaty of Edinburgh

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10
Q

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh entail?

A

MQS would give up her claim to the English throne.

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11
Q

When did King Francis II die?

A

December 1560

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12
Q

Who was ruling Scotland when MQS returned to Scotland?

A

Protestant Lords

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13
Q

How did MQS react to the treaty?

A

She was angry because she never approved of the treaty, and maintained that she had a claim to the English throne. She wanted to be named heir.

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14
Q

Who persuaded Elizabeth I to help the Scottish rebellion?

A

Sir William Cecil - he threatened to resign if she didn’t help them.

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15
Q

What year did MQS arrive in England?

A

1568

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16
Q

What year did MQS marry her 2nd husband?

A

1565

17
Q

Who was MQS’ 2nd husband?

A

Henry Stuart AKA Lord Darnley.

18
Q

What year did she give birth to her son, James?

A

1566

19
Q

What year was Lord Darnley murdered?

A

1567

20
Q

Who was suspected to have murdered Lord Darnley?

A

The Earl of Bothwell, MQS suspected to be involved.

21
Q

What year did MQS marry her 3rd husband, the Earl of Bothwell?

A

1567

22
Q

What did the scandal trigger?

A

Another rebellion from the Protestant lords, forcing MQS to abdicate in favour of her son, James.

23
Q

Where was MQS imprisoned?

A

An island in the middle of a loch (lake)

24
Q

When did MQS try to escape from imprisonment?

A

1568

25
Q

What did MQS try to do when she escaped from imprisonment?

A

Raise an army and win back her throne.

26
Q

What caused MQS to have to flee to England?

A

Her forces were defeated at Langside near Glasgow.

27
Q

What did MQS do when she fled to England?

A

Seek Elizabeth’s help against the rebels.

28
Q

What were Elizabeth’s options when Mary came to England?

A
  1. Help her to regain her throne
  2. Hand her over to the Scottish lords
  3. Allow Mary to go abroad
  4. Keep Mary in England
29
Q

Why did MQS want to meet with Elizabeth?

A

To persuade her of her innocence in Darnley’s murder, but her request was denied.

30
Q

Between what years was a court convened to hear the case against MQS?

A

October 1568 and January 1569.

31
Q

What was the results of the court case?

A

No verdict:
- If guilty she would be returned to the Scottish lords as prisoner and she would have been responsible for deposing an anointed monarch
- If innocent she would be free to raise an army with foreign Catholic support, which would pose a massive threat to the English throne.

32
Q

Where did Mary stay?

A

In comfortable captivity.

33
Q

Why do people sometimes think that Elizabeth was jealous of Mary?

A

She was considered to be a great beauty.

34
Q

What year was MQS placed under house arrest in England due to being implicated in a plot against Elizabeth?

A

1569

35
Q

What year did MQS return to Scotland following the death of her husband?

A

1561

36
Q

When and why was MQS executed?

A

8th February 1587 for treason

37
Q

What title did her son hold?

A

King James VI of Scotland

38
Q

What was Elizabeth’s plan in response to the plot in 1569?

A

To marry MQS to the Duke of Norfolk, England’s most senior noble. He was Protestant, so their children would be too. They would also have a strong claim to the throne.

39
Q

Who else was in favour of Elizabeth’s plot?

A

Some of Elizabeth’s favourites such as the Earl of Leicester.

40
Q

Why did Elizabeth refuse to take any strong action against Mary?

A

She was too dangerous, even in captivity.

41
Q

Where was MQS moved to?

A

Further south (more Catholics in the north) to Coventry

History GCSE Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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