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Understanding The Self > Lesson 4: Psychological Perspective Of Self > Flashcards

Lesson 4: Psychological Perspective Of Self Flashcards

1
Q

It is the scientific study of how human thinks, feel, and behave.

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Four Goals of Psychology

A
  1. Describe - what the person is doing
  2. Explain - why is s/he doing that
  3. Predict - what is he going to do
  4. Modify - how can we change the behavior
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3
Q

of relating to, being, or involving
conscious intellectual activity

A

cognitive

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4
Q

A Swiss clinical psychologist who
pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself; and how humans
gradually come to acquire and use i

A

Theory of Cognitive
Development .

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6
Q

a progressive
reorganization of mental processes resulting from
biological maturation and environmental experience

A

cognitive development

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7
Q

BASIC COMPONENTS OF PIAGET’s COGNITIVE THEORY

A

Schemas
Adaption
Stages of cognitive development

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8
Q

Mental organizations used
to understand the
environment

A

Schemas

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9
Q

a child’s process in
encountering situational
conditions

A

Adaption

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10
Q

focused on the growing expertise
of child’s thought process

A

Stages of Cognitive Development

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11
Q

process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas. this operation is somewhat subjective for the reason we tend to change information and experiences that could fit in with our pre-existing beliefs.

A

Assimilation

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12
Q

It is a procedure known as a part of adaption involves that altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of a new experiences and information. During this process, a new schema might be developed.

A

Accomodation
Ex: 4 leg animal can be cat or dog base on child existing schema

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13
Q

what stage is this?

0-2 age
Knowledge is through senses (tasting, seeing, smelling,
touching, hearing)
Object permanence develops between to 4-9 months

A

Sensorimotor

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14
Q

What Stage is this?

2-5 age
Verbal and egocentric thinking develop
Can do mentally what one could only do physically
Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible

A

Preoperation

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15
Q

What stage is this?

6-11 age
Conservation of shape, number, liquid are now possible
Logic and reasoning develop, but are limited to

A

Concrete Operational

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16
Q

What Stage is this?

12 and up age
Abstract reasoning - principles and ideals develop
Systematic problem solving is now possible ( no longer
just trial and error)
Ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking
(metacognition)
Scientific reasoning

A

Formal
Operational

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17
Q

The ability to realize that objects still exist when
they are not being sensed

A

OBJECT PERMANENCE

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18
Q

Believing that inanimate objects are alive

A

ANIMISTIC THINKING

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19
Q

Not being capable of seeing things from
another person’s perspective

A

Egocentrism

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20
Q

Recognition that when some properties (such as
shape) of an object change, other properties ( such
as volume) remain constant

A

CONSERVATION

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21
Q

He is the father of
psychoanalysis. He is famous
for his work on human
nature and the unconscious

A

Sigmund Freud

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22
Q

LEVELS
OF
MENTAL
LIFE

A

What we reveal

Concious Mind

What we conceal

Subconcious/Preconscious Mind
Unconcious Mind

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23
Q

pertains to our current thoughts, what we sense
and think at the present. Freud did not delve in this level as he
believes that it has minimal influence in our behavior.

A

Conscious Level

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24
Q

contains the thoughts that we can bring into our
consciousness easily or with needed effort. These thoughts
came from:
* Conscious Perception
* Unconscious

A

PRECONSCIOUS
LEVEL

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25
Q

contains our instincts, wishes and desires that
drives our behavior. It is the focus of psychoanalytic theory
* Repressed Experiences

A

UNCONSCIOUS
LEVEL

26
Q

psychic energy
remains invested on one
stage leaving less energy for
the next stage

A

Fixation

27
Q

areas of the body that are sensitive
to pleasant and sensual feelings
which gives rise to feelings of
pleasure/ sexual feeling when
stimulated
* each region/zone is the center of
conflict in different stages in the life
of the infant/childhood

A

EROGENOUS
ZONES

28
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES

A

ORAL STAGE
ANAL STAGE
PHALLIC STAGE
LATENCY STAGE
GENITAL STAGE

29
Q

Birth to 1 year
EZ: Mouth
pleasurable activities:
sucking; biting; swallowing;
feeding
* primary object of the libido:
mother/ primary caregiver

A

Oral Stage

30
Q

two ways of fixation:

A
  • Oral incorporative- oral
    passive personality
    (gullible, passive, needs
    a lot of attention,
    substance addiction)
    – Oral aggressive or oral
    sadistic- oral aggressive
    personality (adults who
    are aggressive and like to
    argue)
31
Q

1-3 year
EZ: Bowel and Bladder Control
pleasurable activities: retention of
feces and willful defecation
* toilet training: gratification of
instinctual impulse (defecation) is
interfered; regulating time and place of defecation

A

Anal Stage

32
Q

two ways the child reacts to toilet
training:

A
  • Anal expulsion- anal aggressive
    personality (disorderly, messy,
    destructive, cruel)
  • Anal retention- anal retentive
    personality (stubborn, stingy,
    orderly, and compulsively clean)
    OCD and OCPD
33
Q

3 - 6 years
EZ: Genitals
pleasurable activities: exploring
and manipulating genitals
(masturbation)
* Development of an individual’s
personality (depends greatly on
the child’s identification with the
parent)

A

Phallic Stage

34
Q

PHALLIC PHASE COMPARISON for male

A
  1. Oedipus complex (sexual desires for
    the mother/hostility for the father)
  2. Castration complex in the form of
    castration anxiety shatters the Oedipus
    complex
  3. Identification with the father
  4. Strong superego replaces the nearly
    completely dissolved Oedipus complex
35
Q

PHALLIC PHASE COMPARISON for female

A
  1. Castration complex in the form of penis
    envy
  2. Oedipus complex develops as an
    attempt to obtain a penis (sexual
    desires for the father; hostility for the
    mother)
  3. Gradual realization that the Oedipal
    desires are self-defeating
  4. Identification with the mother
  5. Weak superego replaces the partially
    dissolved Oedipus complex
36
Q

6 to pubirty
libido inactive
“safest stage”
* sex instinct/urges are quiet
and dormant
* sublimation: school activities,
sports, and hobbies;
developing friendships
* libido is transformed in
acceptable activities
* developing friendship with
the same sex

A

LATENCY
STAGE

37
Q

Puberty to Death
Maturing Sexual Interest

A

Genital personality: Freud’s ideal of full development; person enjoys a satisfying adult sexuality; capable of genuine love; loving others for
altruistic reasons
* Psychological maturity: attained if a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal
manner

38
Q

She Elaborated on the emergence of
self-concept and asserted that the
wide developmental changes is
observed across: early childhood,
later childhood, adolescence,
emerging adults

A

DR. SUSAN
HARTER

39
Q

TWO IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF SELF by Dr. Susan Harter

A

SELF-ESTEEM - self worth
SELF-CONCEPT - individual perception of self

40
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF SELF CONCEPT

A
  1. EARLY CHILDHOOD
  2. MIDDLE TO LATER CHILDHOOD
  3. ADOLESCENCE
  4. EMERGING ADULTS
41
Q

Child describe the self in
terms of concrete and
observable characteristics

A

EARLY CHILDHOOD

42
Q

Self is described in terms
of trait-like constructs
(e.g. shy, behaved, timid)

A

MIDDLE TO LATER CHILDHOOD

43
Q

Emergence of more
abstract self-definitions,
such as inner thoughts,
emotions, attitudes, &
motives

A

ADOLESCENCE

44
Q

Having a vision of
“possible self”.

A

EMERGING ADULTS

45
Q

Father of American Psychology
His ground-breaking masterpiece
was “The Principle of Psychology.
He asserted that self lies at the
center of mental life.

A

WILLIAM
JAMES

46
Q

The pure ego. The subjective self that is aware of its own
actions
➢ A sense of being the agent of behavior
➢ A sense of being unique
➢ A sense of continuity
➢ A sense of awareness of being aware

A

I-SELF

47
Q

The object. The self you can describe, based on observation and experience

MATERIAL SELF
SOCIAL SELF
SPIRITUAL SELF

A

ME-Self

48
Q

An American psychologist who was
one of the founders of humanistic
approach to psychology.
He asserted that all behavior is
motivated by self actualizing
tendencies and these drive you to
reach your potential.

A

CARL
ROGERS

49
Q

Emphasized the active role of the individual in
shaping their internal and external worlds

A

Humanistic

50
Q

A person is an active, creative, experiencing
being who lives in the present and has a basic
instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

Actualizing Tendency

51
Q

includes such basic needs
as food, air, and safety; but
it also includes the tendency
to resist change and to seek
the status quo.

A

Need for Maintenance

52
Q

people’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately
rewarding
 are expressed in a variety of forms, including curiosity,
playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence
 animals and plants have an inherent tendency to grow toward reaching their genetic potential— provided certain conditions are present.

A

Need for Enhancement

53
Q

Two Subsystems of Self

A

Self Concept
Ideal Self

54
Q

all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that
are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately)
by the individual.

A

Self Concept

55
Q

one’s view of self as one wishes to be.
 A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept
indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality

A

Ideal Self

56
Q

Conditions to achieve Actualizing Tendency

A

CONGRUENCE

UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD

EMPATHY

57
Q

Developed his transactional analysis method
as a basis for understanding behavior.
1. Every person has three (3) parts called
ego states in his/her personality
2. People communicate with one another
assuming roles of any of these ego
states

A

Eric Berne

58
Q

developmental psychologists,
asserted that children are very
adjusted to their parents’ feelings and needs. They unconsciously
acknowledge that they need their
parents’ permission in order to
survive, so they strive to meet their needs as much as possible .

A

John Bowlby &
Donald Winnicott

59
Q

CONCEPT OF SELF

A

TRUE SELF - Our feelings
and desires

FALSE SELF - Changed its
behavior, inhibited
feelings, and forced
needs aside in order
to survive

60
Q

2 FALSE SELF

A

HEALTHY FALSE SELF
- One which allows
someone to be
functional in the
society
- Still connected with the
true sel

UNHEALTHY FALSE SELF - One that fits into
society through
forced compliance
rather than a desire
to adapt

Understanding The Self (7 decks)

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