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G12 - 1st Grading > Philosophy > Flashcards

Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy is a __________, a child & a bird

A

candlelight

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2
Q

Philosophy is not: a ________, broken glass, boring

A

monster

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3
Q

Questioning the things you are thinking

A

Philosophizing

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4
Q

It comes from two greek words- Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom) – the love of wisdom.

A

Philosophy

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5
Q

Philosophy is the pursuit of ________, _____, and __________

A

wisdom, truth, and knowledge.

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6
Q

Philosophy is a _________ and __________ activity and a method of mental exercise.

A

reflective, meditative

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7
Q

What are the branches of Philosophy?

A

Metaphysics, Ethics, Aesthetics, Epistemology, Logic

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8
Q

Concerned with the nature of existence, being, and the world.

A

Metaphysics

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9
Q

“What is the nature of reality?” Is a question under what branch of Philosophy?

A

Metaphysics

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10
Q

Is based on well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do.

A

Ethics

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11
Q

“What is goodness?” Is a question under what branch of Philosophy?

A

Ethics

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12
Q

Concerned with nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and good taste. It has also been defined as a “critical reflection on art, culture, and nature.”

A

Aesthetics

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13
Q

“Why do we find certain things beautiful?” Is a question under what branch of Philosophy?

A

Aesthetics

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14
Q

The study of knowledge. The study of the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge.

A

Epistemology

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15
Q

“How do we know what we claim to know?” Is a question under what branch of Philosophy?

A

Epistemology

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16
Q

The study of argument and from a concern with the correctness of argumentation

A

Logic

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Philosophy?

A

Analysis of Framework, Examination of Knowledge, As a Discipline

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18
Q

A way of thinking about the world and is composed of views and beliefs.

A

Frameworks

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19
Q

Philosophy goes hand in hand with other disciplines in terms of examining their fundamental purposes

A

Examination of Knowledge

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20
Q

What disciplines go hand in hand with Philosohy? Provide all three

A

Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Education

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21
Q

Philosophy has its distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.

A

As a Discipline

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22
Q

Why do we need to Philosophize? (Rene Descartes’ answer)

A

To doubt

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23
Q

Why do we need to Philosophize? (Karl Jaspers’ answer)

A

Experience

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24
Q

Importance of philosophy to one’s life

A
  • It enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.
  • Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision-making
  • Philosophy can help one to be open to different ideas
  • Philosophy can help one to gain wisdom
  • Philosophy can contribute to self-development
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25
Q

Who are the Greek Triumvirate

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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26
Q

His way of doing philosophy was by making dialogues with various people

A

Socrates

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27
Q

“An unexamined life is not worth living” is said by?

A

Socrates

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28
Q

Was charged with corrupting the minds of the youth.

A

Socrates

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29
Q

A student of Socrates

A

Plato

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30
Q

wrote down the dialogues of Socrates and his interlocutors

A

Plato

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31
Q

explains the two worlds of Plato, the real world and the unreal.

A

Allegory of the Cave

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32
Q

A student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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33
Q

Opposed Plato’s Theory of Forms

A

Aristotle

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34
Q

For Aristotle, the forms can be achieved through the ______.

A

senses

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35
Q

Aristotle maintained that things can be known and proven using the senses and the _______ __ ________

A

faculty of reason

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36
Q

Aristotle forward the notion that the forms have two categories, namely, __________ and __________.

A

substance, accidents

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37
Q

can subsist on its own

A

substance

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38
Q

need another thing to exist.

A

accidents

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39
Q

According to the Greek Triumvirate, human beings are endowed with ________.

A

reason

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40
Q

Focused on “Who and What am I?”

A

Eastern Philosophy

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41
Q

Search for the meanings of being human

A

Eastern Philosophy

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42
Q

Philosophy and ______ is connected in eastern philosophy

A

religion

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43
Q

Started by Kongzi or Confucius over 2500 years ago.

A

Confucianism

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44
Q

Peace starts at _____

A

home

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45
Q

Confucianism is considered a ______ philosophy

A

social

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46
Q

____________ is grounded on the assumption that proper social and political behavior is cultivated in the family.

A

Confucianism

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47
Q

_____ _______ principles that a ruler should abide by:

A

Three principles

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48
Q

Three principles:
- First, _______ a clear character
- Second, show _______ for the people
- Third, aim for the ___________ good

A

manifest, concern, highest

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49
Q

What are the Confucian Virtues?

A

Jen (ren), Yi

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50
Q

Means human-heartedness and denotes a compassionate person

A

Jen (ren)

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51
Q

it can also be called righteousness, which consists of doing things in the right manner

A

Yi

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52
Q

should possess the virtue of Jen and Yi

A

Chung Tzu or Junzi (Gentleman)

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53
Q

Chung Tzu or gentleman bears the possibility of becoming a _______

A

leader

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54
Q

becoming a superior is not because of one’s status in the social hierarchy, but because of his knowledge of the virtues being translated concretely in his life

A

Richey, 2008

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55
Q

Historical Buddha (_________ _________)

A

siddharta Gautama

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56
Q

is anchored on the idea that human person lives in suffering and that he should overcome this.

A

Buddhism

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57
Q

deep dissatisfaction; thirst for endless desires

A

Suffering

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58
Q

“all phenomena are conditioned, transitory, devoid of any ‘_________’ or ‘____’ that remains unchanged over time.”

A

essence, self

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59
Q
  • Human life is pervaded by suffering
  • Suffering is a result of craving
  • State of freedom from suffering - called Nirvana (abandoning the craving)
  • Nirvana can be attained through the Eightfold Path
A

Four Noble Truths

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60
Q

What are the two Division of Wisdom?

A
  1. Right Understanding
  2. Right Thought
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61
Q

What are the three “The Division of Ethical Conduct”?

A
  1. Right Conduct
  2. Right Action
  3. Right Livelihood
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62
Q

What are the “Division of Mental Discipline”?

A
  1. Right Effort
  2. Right Mindfulness
  3. Right Concentration
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63
Q

Buddha’s ethical teaching is

A

“Karma and Rebirth”

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64
Q

What are the three kinds of true knowledge

A
  1. Knowledge of past lives
  2. Cycle of rebirth is governed by Karma
  3. The four noble truths
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65
Q

Good and bad actions are like seeds that, if planted, will bear fruits in the future

A

Karma

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66
Q

Buddhism teaches us to be ________ as it describes life as it is

A

realistic

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67
Q

Responds to the question of “Who Am I?”

A

Indian Philosophy

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68
Q

promotes a reflective approach to reality

A

Indian Philosophy

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69
Q

The common theme of Buddhism is “____ ___ ____”

A

see the self

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70
Q

What are the Theories of Truth?

A

Knowledge, Correspondence Theory, Coherence Theory, Relativism, Constructivist Theory, Consensus Theory, Pragmatic Theory

71
Q

“Justified True Belief”

A

Knowledge

72
Q

something is true because you believe it to be true and there is justification for such belief

A

Knowledge

73
Q

Actual State of Affairs

A

Correspondence Theory

74
Q

both the knower’s mind and the thing being perceived must correspond to each other

A

Correspondence Theory

75
Q

Written

A

Coherence Theory

76
Q

Something is true if it makes sense when placed in a certain situation or context

A

Coherence Theory

77
Q

A philosophical concept that contends that there are no absolute truths

A

Relativism

78
Q

Construct

A

Constructivist Theory

79
Q

Knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history

A

Constructivist Theory

80
Q

Views knowledge as based on argumets and that something is true when if almost everyone agrees that it is true

A

Consensus Theory

81
Q

Verification Theory -> Scientific Theory

A

Pragmatic Theory

82
Q

Stems from Positivism

A

Pragmatic Theory

83
Q

A view that claims that something is true if we can put it into practice and is useful in real life

A

Pragmatic Theory

84
Q

What are the methods of philosophizing?

A

Socratic Method, Dialectical Method, Phenomenological Method, and Hermeneutics

85
Q

open-ended questions

A

Socratic Method

86
Q

usually takes the form of a dialogue in which people discuss and analyze a specific subject matter

A

Socratic Method

87
Q

the art of asking a question that is committed to the truth

A

Socratic Method

88
Q
  1. Establish a Socratic relationship.
  2. Get the person’s belief, contention, or conclusion
  3. Understand how the person uses the terms that he uses to avoid ambiguity
  4. Ask for reasons or supporting evidence
  5. Once the person has given his claim, terms, and reasons, make sure to show your understanding of them by rephrasing them in your own words.
  6. When the person sees that you are on his side, you can start the next level: exploration. You may go either ‘upstream’ or ‘downstream’
  7. Use options to give the person a choice.
  8. You may also match your style with the personalities of the person you are inquiring.
A

Procedures on how to apply socratic method

89
Q

Dialego (debate/discuss)

A

Dialectical Method

90
Q

a method of studying and understanding the real development and change

A

Dialectical Method

91
Q

Thesis vs Antithesis = Synthesis (New Thesis)

A

Dialectical Method

92
Q

Claim or Hypothesis

A

Thesis

93
Q

Negates the given thesis

A

Antithesis

94
Q

Result of conflict of the Thesis and Antithesis

A

Synthesis

95
Q

phainomenon (appearance), logos (study/reason)

A

Phenonomological Method

96
Q

Phenomenological Method investigates the _______ of _______ of the things that appear to a person. Helps a person to examine their own experience of something

A

essence, nature

97
Q

Most original/pure phenomenology

A

Husserl’s Phenomenological Method

98
Q

emphasizes the person’s lived experience to get to the true meaning of reality

A

Phenomenology

99
Q

the belief that the reality outside the person is relative to and separate from the person who expresses it

A

Natural Attitude

100
Q

the process whereby a person suspends their beliefs or the things they have learned from the natural attitude

A

Phenomological Attitude

101
Q

epoché - abstain

A

Bracketing

102
Q

Letting go of one’s biases/prejudicies

A

Bracketing

103
Q

‘set aside’n a person’s experience to see the thing in itself

A

Bracketing

104
Q

the movement from fact to essence, a transcendental reality that refers to the immateriality of things, such as thoughts, feelings, memories, etc.

A

Eidetic Reduction

105
Q

associated with Hermes

A

Hermeneutics

106
Q

interpreting/interpretation

A

Hermeneutics

107
Q

Hermeneutics capture the _____ of the test

A

truth

108
Q

offers a toolbox for efficiently treating problems of the interpretation of human actions, texts, and other meaningful material

A

Hermeneutics

109
Q

romanticist hermeneutics

A

Schleiermacher’s system

110
Q

starts from the subjective interpreter

A

Schleiermacher’s system

111
Q

considers the historial and the cultural context to grasp the original authorial intention

A

Schleiermacher’s system

112
Q

in seeking the truth of what the person has said, one must aim for what the person has intended to say, considering the history and cultural background

A

Hermeneutics Process

113
Q

Give an example of literary hermeneutics

A

poems

114
Q

Legal Hermeneutics

A

Why a law was made

115
Q

a verbal expression of mediate inference

A

argument

116
Q

a group of three or more propositons; one is a _______, the others are _______ premises

A

conclusion, premises

117
Q

An argument has two basic elements/components. What are those?

A

Premise, conclusion

118
Q

reasons/evidence; answers “why”

A

Premise

119
Q

claim/main point; answers “what?”

A

Conclusion

120
Q

Is a set of propositions

A

Argument

121
Q

Has an inferential claim

A

Argument

122
Q

The premise an conclusion must have a direct ________ connection or an interdependent relationship

A

logical

123
Q

A claim without a reason is not an argument, and a reason without a claim is not an argument. True of False?

A

True

124
Q

What are the two types of Argument?

A

Inductive and Productive/Deductive

125
Q

Particular to universal

A

Inductive

126
Q

universal to particular

A

Productive/deductive

127
Q

Therefore, hence, thus, then, so, accordingly, apparently, in consequence, consequently, proves that, as a result, for this reason, for these reasons, etc.

A

Conclusion Indicators

128
Q

Since, because, for, as, follows from, as shown by, in as much as, as indicated by, may be inferred from, may be derived from, may be deducted from, in view of, in view of the fact that, granted that, the facts are, assuming that, etc.

A

Premise indicators

129
Q

are defects that weaken arguments. It is considered to be errors in reasoning. When we accept a position or persuade others to accept our claim based on weak line of reasoning, a fallacy is committed.

A

Fallacies

130
Q

What are the types of fallacy?

A
  1. Fallacies of relevance
  2. Fallacies of presumption
  3. Fallacies of ambiguity
131
Q

3 Theories of the Philosophy of Science

A

Positivism, Falsification, Paradigm Shift

132
Q

scientific approach to society

A

Positivism

133
Q

to make a theory true, make it false

A

Falsification

134
Q

analysing science changes paradigm

A

Paradigm shift

135
Q

teaching theories

A

paradigm

136
Q

5 Theories of the Philosophy of Education

A

Essentialism, Progressivism, Perennialism, Constructivism, Existentialism

137
Q

Back to basic (3 R’s)

A

Essentialism

138
Q

Learning by doing

A

Progressivism

139
Q

Traditional; Oppositve to Progressivism

A

Perennialism

140
Q

Intellect, constructing students’ thoughts

A

Constructivism

141
Q

Freedom to learn

A

Existentialism

142
Q

A process of putting things into practice

A

Praxis

143
Q

Man

A

Humankind/mankind

144
Q

Man

A

can be used when one is studying about genders

145
Q

Someone who knows their abilities/rights/responsibilities

A

Person

146
Q

Biological term (changed from man)

A

Human

147
Q

What are the 4 Human Perspective?

A
  1. Biological Perspective
  2. Psychological Perspective
  3. Economical Perspective
  4. Theological Perspective
148
Q

Focuses on a human’s PRIMAL
INSTINCTS. (survival and reproduction)
Evolved over time to possess rationality.
Symbolic Interactionism:
Associating things with meaning.
Scientific (Natural) Perspective.

A

Biological Perspective

149
Q

Humanity’s greaterst achievement

A

Culture

150
Q

Humans possess mental faculties

A

Psychological Perspective

151
Q

What are these mental facilities?

A
  1. Psyche
  2. Intellect
  3. Rationality
  4. Introspection
152
Q

Conscious and unconscious mind

A

Psyche

153
Q

Ability to receive and apply information

A

Intellect

154
Q

Ability to reason and be logical

A

Rationality

155
Q

Reflection; examining oneself

A

Introspection

156
Q

Humans are consiered as such when they have the ability to produce, needs money, works to live, and satisfy one’s self-interest

A

Economical Perspective

157
Q

Humans are children of God

A

Theoloical Perspective

158
Q

3 types of human person

A
  1. Legal Person
  2. Natural Person
  3. Moral Person
159
Q

government and corporations

A

Legal person

160
Q

Does the law; All of us

A

Natural person

161
Q

Possesses autonomy, self-awareness, intelligence, communication

A

Moral person

162
Q

What’s under the “Human Person”

A
  1. Self
  2. Identity
  3. Personhood
163
Q

Innate (religion), can be innate, emerget, integrated, and developing

A

Self

164
Q

physical characteristics, mental attributes; experience, memories, ideas, and views

A

Identity

165
Q

Autonomous being, unified individual, relation to others

A

Personhood

166
Q

Utilizing your free will to do things on your own

A

Autonomous Being

167
Q

Having the inherent capacity to function

A

Unified individual

168
Q

Socializing with others

A

Relation to others

169
Q

initiative;acting without other’s dictation

A

Reasoned free choice

170
Q

Aspects of the Human Person

A
  1. Material Aspect
  2. Non-material Aspect
171
Q

Body/physical appearance

A

Material aspect

172
Q

Emotional needs, desires, and positions

A

Non-material aspect

173
Q

quality of being materialized

A

Embodied

174
Q

something immaterial

A

Spirit

G12 - 1st Grading (4 decks)

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