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year 1 - biological bases of behaviour > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain’s role in the CNS?

A

Complex behaviours and experiences

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2
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord in the CNS?

A

reflexes

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3
Q

What is grey matter and where is it in the brain and spinal cord?

A

Nerve cell bodies
Brain - outer layer
Spinal cord - inner layer

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4
Q

What is white matter and where is it in the brain and spinal cord?

A

axons
brain - inner surface
spinal cord - outer surface

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5
Q

How much does the human brain weigh?

A

approx 1.5kg (2% of body weight)

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6
Q

how many neurons in the brain?

A

100-150billion - each one connects to approx 10000 others

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7
Q

What is a gyrus? (pl. gyri)

A

a fold

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8
Q

What is a sulcus? (pl. sulci)

A

groove

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9
Q

What is a fissure?

A

deep groove

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10
Q

What are tracts (eg. corpus callosum)?

A

Connecting point between the 2 hemispheres - important for communication (Split brain research)

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11
Q

What is the upper portion of the brain referred to as?

A

Dorsal/superior

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11
Q

What is the lower portion of the brain referred to as?

A

Ventral/inferior

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11
Q

What is the front portion of the brain referred to as?

A

Anterior/rostral

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12
Q

What is the back portion of the brain referred to as?

A

Posterior/caudal

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13
Q

What is a coronal cross-section?

A

Separates the brain into anterior (rostral) and posterior (caudal) halves

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14
Q

What is a saggital cross-section?

A

Separates the left and right hemisphere eg. at the point of the corpus callosum

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15
Q

What is an axial (horizontal) cross-section?

A

Separates the brain into dorsal (superior) and ventral (inferior) halves at the level of the corpus callosum.

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16
Q

What is the brain protected with?

A

Ventricles - filled with cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)

17
Q

What are 2 the roles of ventricles in the brain?

A
  1. shock absorbers - protect brain from injury on impact
  2. provide nutrition for brain cells
18
Q

What is the function of meninges?

A

Protect brain and spinal cord (additional layers of tissue/membrane)

19
Q

What are the 3 types of meninges (in order from under the skull to above the brain?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid membrane
  3. Pia mater
20
Q

What provides nourishment to the brain?

A

Blood vessels

21
Q

What are the 3 main divisions of the brain?

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
    3, hindbrain
22
Q

What is the forebrain split into?

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
23
Q

What is the telencephalon split into?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Limbic system
  3. Basal ganglia
24
Q

What are the 4 areas of the cortex?

A

Frontal cortex
Temporal cortex
Parietal cortex
Occipital cortex

25
Q

What areas are part of the limbic system in forebrain?

A

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate cortex

26
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen

27
Q

What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

28
Q

What are the 2 parts of the midbrain?

A

Substantia Nigra
Colliculi

29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

30
Q

What is the hindbrain responsible for?

A

Vital body functions eg. breathing, heart rate and motor control

31
Q

What is the substantia nigra responsible for in the midbrain?

A

motor control

32
Q

What are the sensory relay stations in the midbrain?

A

Superior (vision) and inferior (audition) colliculi

33
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the diencephalon?

A

Hormone control
Sexual behaviour
Hunger and thirst

34
Q

What is the role of the thalamus in the diencephalon?

A

Directing sensory info to different areas of the cortex

35
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia in the forebrain?

A
  • caudate nucleus and putamen
    Voluntary motor control
    Learning and memory
36
Q

What are examples of disorders in the basal ganglia?

A

Parkinsons and Tourettes

37
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in the limbic system?

A

Emotional regulation

38
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus in the limbic system?

A

Memory

39
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Attention
Planning and decision making
Emotional control

40
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory perception
Language
Memory

41
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Visuomotor guidance
Number processing

42
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual perception

year 1 - biological bases of behaviour (11 decks)

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