Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What type of organisms are Eukaryotic?

Answer 1

Plant and Animal Cells

Question 2

Describe a Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 2

Contain membrane-bound organelles and membrane bound nucleus and Chromosomes

Question 3

Name the organelles of an animal cell

Answer 3

Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus

Question 4

Describe The Cell Surface Membrane

Answer 4

Mainly made up of lipids and protein

Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Also contains receptors which allows it to respond to chemicals such as hormones

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 5

Describe the Nucleus

Answer 5

Nuclear Envelope - Double membrane with pores

Nuclear Pores - allows the passage of large molecules out of the nucleus.

Nucleoplasm - jelly like material making up bulk of nucleus

Chromatin - DNA found within nucleus

Nucleolus - Manufactures ribosomal RNA and Ribosomes

Controls the cell’s activities

Question 6

Describe Mitochondrion

Answer 6

Site of Aerobic Respiration which produces ATP from Carbohydrates.

They have double membrane. Outer membrane controls what leaves and enters organelles. Inner membrane folds to form Cristae.

Question 7

Describe both Endoplasmic Reticulum and explain the differences

Answer 7

Rough ER: Contains Ribosomes on its membrane and is the sight of Protein Synthesis

Smooth ER: Site of/production of Lipids

Question 8

Describe Ribosomes

Answer 8

Small organelle found either in Cytoplasm or on Rough ER. They are made in the nucleus and are comprised of RNA and proteins.

80S

Question 9

Describe Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Fluid-filled membrane bound sacs with vesicles at the ends.

Packages and labels proteins and lipids. Vesicles then transport to Cell Membrane.

Also produces Lysosomes which are digestive enzymes (Protease and Lipase) 50 of them to digest invading cells or break down cell components.

Question 10

What is Peroxisome?

Answer 10

Single Phospholipid bilayer membrane organelle.

Oxidises amino acids and fatty acids producing hydrogen peroxide.

Contains enzyme catalase that breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide.

Question 11

What are Centrioles?

Answer 11

Barrel shaped structures present in animal cells.

Made up of microtubules.

Pair of these (Centrosome) near nucleus and they play important role during cell division.

Question 12

What is Cytoskeleton?

Answer 12

Maintains shape and Organisation

Interconnected protein fibres and tubes

Question 13

Name the extra organelles within Plant cell

Answer 13

Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 14

Describe the Cell Wall

Answer 14

Rigid strucutre made of cellulose. Supports cell and prevents it from changing shape.

Also contains Plasmodesmata which are connecting channels used to exchange substances with adjacent cells

Question 15

Describe Chloroplasts

Answer 15

Flattened structures found in plants and algaes. Site of Photosynthesis.

Stroma, thylakoid membrane

Question 16

Describe the Permanent Vacuole

Answer 16

Cell sap containing watery solution of sugars, mineral salts, pigments and enzymes.

Helps maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid.