Lec 1

Question 1

Bottom-up processing is driven by

Answer 1

the environment
– But input -> output is an oversimplification…

Question 2

Top-down processing is processing driven by

Answer 2

expectation and knowledge

(kind of like a schema)

Question 3

• Noam Chomsky produced a highly influential critique of
  Skinner’s book, and demonstrated that behaviourist ideas could
  not explain how children learn language e.g.,

Answer 3

language is inherently generative (i.e., people can produce utterances

Question 4

Edward Tolman challenged the
behaviourist view that nothing
happened between stimulus and
response.
Rats will learn the layout of the
maze even when not …….

Answer 4

reinforced to
do so (Tolman & Honzik, 1930)

Question 5

Jerome Bruner did what with rich and poor children

Answer 5

Asked “rich” and “poor” children to
estimate the size of coins, and found
that poorer children over-estimated
coin size
Argued that the coins meant “more” to
the poorer children, and this ‘need’
inflated their perception of physical
size of the coins.

Question 6

The Turing Test -

Answer 6

a computer could be considered intelligent if
someone “conversing” with it could not tell whether they
were “conversing” with a computer or a human being

Question 7

cognitive psychology:

Answer 7

using behavioural evidence (e.g: response times) to study cognotion

Question 8

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Answer 8

studying patients with neurological conditions or brain damage to understand how these effect cognition

Question 9

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 9

using converging evidence from brain and behaviour to understand cognition

Question 10

• Computational Cognitive Science –

Answer 10

developing
computational models to understand human cognition
(not the same as AI)

Question 11

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) – creates temporary
__________ _________by running an electrical current through a coil
placed near the skull

Answer 11

brain “lesions” q