boot sequence

Question 1

traditional utility used for viewing kernel ring buffer

Answer 1

dmesg

Question 2

systemd utility to view the kernel ring buffer within the systemd journal

Answer 2

journalctl -k

Question 2

On most modern Linux distributions is used instead of the old init system. And with it comes a command called journalctl

Answer 2

systemd

Question 2

logs every event that goes on within the computer part of those events that gets logged to the journal are also kernel messages such as what we see here
with the D message command.

Answer 2

journalctl

Question 3

Typically, you will use the kernel ring buffer to take a look

Answer 3

to see if hardware is getting recognized by the Linux Kernel but it may not be recognized by programs such as udev or show up in a /dev directory.

Question 4

details on the hardware that the kernel can see and how it activates it along with a whole lot of really low level memory management messages that can pop up when the kernel deals with RAM. legacy method that was used to actually pull up information about the kernel ring buffer.

Answer 4

dmesg

Question 5

Which is an area of RAM that the kernel writes all of its system messages to.

Answer 5

Kernel Ring Buffer

Question 6

Meaning that once the computer reboots these logs are gone and we start all over again.

Answer 6

Volitile

Question 7

which are logs that are generated when the computer itself boots up and they are volatile

Answer 7

Boot Logs

Question 8

After a computer starts the bios on the motherboard checks on all of the hardware and input and output devices. Once everything checks out
the boot process for the computer can begin.

Answer 8

Linux boot process.

Question 9

GRUB - Grand Unified Boot Loader

Answer 9

legacy

Question 10

look for the section of the hard drive that contains the data needed to boot an operating system and load the Linux Kernel.

Answer 10

boot program

Question 11

will then load what is called an initial RAM disk which contains a bunch of device drivers and starts to load the computer’s drivers to eventually mount the file system from the hard disk.

Answer 11

The Linux Kernel

Question 12

After the kernel is all set up and ready to go

Answer 12

it then starts off the initialization system.

Question 13

is to process input and output that it is given regardless of where it comes from
and interact with the computer’s hardware.

Answer 13

The kernel’s main focus

Question 14

performs many functions but something else would be needed to actually start the myriad of programs known as services or Daemons
that makes the computer useful.

Answer 14

The Linux Kernel itself

Question 15

Once the initialization system starts the initial RAM disk is no longer needed and gets removed.

Answer 15

mounting the computer’s file systems

Question 16

continues to load services and gets the computer in a state where it can be used. These logs are generated from an area called
the Kernel Ring Buffer.

Answer 16

initialization system