Lecture 4

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

study of cause of the disease

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

rate of new cases,
when where and how often it
occurs.

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

portion of population
already affected by the disease

Question 4

Acute

Answer 4

sudden onset of symtoms; less than 3 months

Question 5

Chronic

Answer 5

more than 3 months of symptoms

Question 6

Idiopathic

Answer 6

disease of unknown origin

Question 7

Iatrogenic

Answer 7

disease from adverse effects of treatment (from the term “iatr”
which means physician)

Question 8

Communicable disease

Answer 8

transmitted from one person to another

Question 9

Epidemic

Answer 9

many people acquiring a certain disease at the same time

Question 10

Pandemic

Answer 10

infectious disease spread over a large region

Question 11

Nosocomial infections

Answer 11

caused by hospitalization, or acquired at clinical
institutions

Question 12

Sign

Answer 12

Objective evidence of disease. Evidence that can be observed by health professionals.

For example, jaundice is a symptom of a disease,
because another person (not the patient himself or herself) can see it. Another
example would be fever: it can be measured, therefore, observed by others.

Question 13

Symptom

Answer 13

subjective evidence of disease. This is something that would be
reported by the patient, because only the patient can feel it.

For example,
when you have pain, only you can observe it. Others can not perceive it,
unless you tell them.

Question 14

Apoptosis

Answer 14

programmed cell death

Question 15

Dysplasia

Answer 15

appearance of abnormal cell growth within a tissue or organ

Question 16

Needle Biopsy

Answer 16

a procedure to obtain a sample of cells from your body for laboratory testing. Common needle biopsy procedures include fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy

Question 17

Autoimmune Disorders

Answer 17

white blood cells start attacking certain body tissues as if they were foreign bodies.

Question 18

Acquired Immune Disorders

Answer 18

infections that attack the immune cells, such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks the special T
lymphocytes, causing the body to lose defenses against most microbes

Question 19

Gene Expression

Answer 19

is the entire process that occurs from the moment of activating
gene transcription to the moment of activating a protein that results from the translation of the mRNA.